Sustainability & Leadership Mr. Howard Shaw Executive Director Singapore Environment Council

1. Sustainability & LeadershipMr. Howard Shaw Executive Director Singapore Environment Council

3. LIVING PLANET INDEX

4. WORLD CO2 EMISSIONS FROM FOSSIL FUELS

5. Energy Demand • By 2050: • 9 billion people, 2.5 billion more than today • 2 billion cars, double the number today • China and India dominate Asia’s energy demand, with China alone accounting for 40 % of primary energy needs; China will be responsible for 60 % of emissions • Double the energy, using twice as much energy as now

6. Three hard truths will shape the future of the ecosystem • Surge in energy demand • Supply of Resources will struggle to keep pace • Environmental stressesare increasing

7. Energy & • Climate Change • Impacts from climate change: • Temperature rise • sea level rise • massive biodiversity loss • increase of extreme events • Depletion of fresh water resources • Increase of vector born diseases • economic and social instabilities • …. • Climate change is real and a very serious threat to global stability The greatest challenge of the 21st century

8. People at the heart of the storylines … individually and collectively People choose the easiest option for them Fear is not enough to change behaviours Climate change is too difficult Delegating action to the state Adapt rather than change

9. Solution: Biofuel Generation from Algae • The current biofuel production process is highly unsustainable (land use, energy requirements) => negative impact on agriculture • Biofuel generated from algae could solve these issues: - saving in energy - saving in land use - high yield • Fuel of the future?

10. Solution: Carbon Sequestration • Sequestrating carbon emissions • underground is a safe process • Similar technology used for the • extraction of natural gas can be • applied • The carbon will remain trapped • for millions of years

11. Solution: Renewable Energies on a Large Scale A combine use of renewable energy sources could meet our current energy needs: • Solar energy (photovoltaic and thermal) • Hydroelectric energy • Wind energy • Geothermal energy • Ocean Thermal energy • Ocean wave energy • Tidal and currents energy These technologies are available today … We must however rapidly make the shift going away from fossil fuel based energies

12. Solution: Sustainable Transportation • Transportation accounts for almost one third of all greenhouse gas emissions • Improving energy efficiency and emission reducing technologies within transport is a priority • Hybrids • Fuel cells • CNG vehicles • Mass public transportation • Human energy vehicles • Solar and wind energy vehicles

13. Tesla Roadster • 0 – 60 mph in 3.9 Secs • 244 mile range • 2 X more efficient than a Prius

16. Source: McKinsey & Company - Pathways to a Low Carbon Economy 2009

17. Hope: Nuclear Fusion • Currently used nuclear fission is a clean process when it comes to emissions but it generates radioactive waste and poses security risks • Fusion is the energy of the future by excellence • Clean process occurring within the sun • It can be done • Major problems remaining to be solved: • Maintaining a stable reaction • Confining the extremely hot plasma • We might be able to harvest fusion energy in 50 years time However, our climate will not wait…other alternatives must be put into place

18. Waste Facts: • Cities are growing fast • Landfills are reaching saturation/ incineration produces emissions • Waste has a lot of value but is not exploited • We must shift from a global unsustainable waste management model to a sustainable one

19. Garbage Output Waste Output 2002: 7,677 tonnes/day • Equivalent to1,100truck loads! Equivalent to 2.8 million tonnes/yr If stacked to an average man’s height (1.7m), it would occupy 350football fields

20. Tuas South Incineration Plant

21. Waste Disposal at Pulau Semakau

22. PulauSemakau Landfill: • Completed 1999 • Cost: $610 million • Life Span : 30 years • 350 hectare

23. PulauSemakau Yesterday – 5 Nov 2009

24. Solution: Waste to Energy • By 2050 80% of the world population will be living in mega cities • The tremendous amount of waste generated can be valued • Entire cities can be powered out of energy generated from waste • Capture of gases (CO2 & CH4) • Use of heat energy generated from the decomposition process

25. Solution: Waste Engineering • Non-traditional waste recovery • Bio-plastics • Hi-Tech & Hi Value Add

26. Solution: Traditional Recycling • Value waste • Use of recycled content within products • Reduce massive consumerisms • Educating the community • Implementation of infrastructures to treat the waste accordingly Technology will not solve all our problems, we must also change our behaviors

27. Nature & conservation • Facts: • . Species are going extinct at least 1000 times faster than the natural rate • We could lose 30-40% of all species on the planet through the impacts of climate change alone by the end of the century • At the current rate primary forests will have completely disappeared in places such as Borneo or PNG within 20-30 years

28. Solution: Sustainable Cities • Cities of the future must incorporate nature (green walls, green roof tops, natural parks, connectors) • Green buildings (energy efficiency) • Good water management • Good waste management Most importantly, biodiversity and natural ecosystems around cities should be preserved at all costs They have a critical role to play …

29. Solution: Learning from Nature • We have a lot to learn from our environment: We must understand that there is tremendous amount of knowledge which will disappear with the loss of biodiversity • Potential remedies and medicines • Potential for optimal design (biomimetics) • The preservation of biodiversity is crucial in our own interest Biomimetics is the study of nature to come up with innovative ideas and optimal designs

30. We know more about our solar system them we do about life in the deep oceans of our own planet!

31. Solution: Valuing Nature • There is a lot of economical gain in • preserving our environment: • Revenues generated from: • Ecotourism • Agroforestry • Medicines • We must learn to work with our environment and not against it • The destruction and loss of natural ecosystems will end up costing much more than their destruction for short term profit

32. Share your knowledge • Awareness • In order to judge we need to know what we are losing • Sharing of knowledge => Snow-Ball effect • Awareness is primordial • Small actions by individuals can lead to significant changes if applied on a large scale You are in a position to influence people

33. Schools’ Green Audit Awards • Schools achieve awards of varying levels based on their performance in environmental audits.

34. Project Carbon Zero www.climatechange.sg 180 in contest trial. Average: 22% reduction

35. Current Model vs. Future Sustainable Society • At the current rate we will • need at least 2 planet Earth • by 2050 • Our current business model • Is not sustainable

36. OUR BANK DEPOSITS DEPOSITS ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION NATURAL RESTORATION WITHDRAWALS ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION NATURAL RESTORATION WITHDRAWALS USE OF RESOURCES POLLUTION USE OF RESOURCES POLLUTION

37. Thank you for your attention www.sec.org.sg The SEC team