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US Expansion 1889-1946

US Expansion 1889-1946. Goal: An Empire without large scale permanent military occupation and costly colonial administration. America in 1790. America in 1803. America in 1853. America in 1889. America in 1898. 1839-1842: Opium War opens spheres of influence in China to European powers

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US Expansion 1889-1946

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  1. US Expansion 1889-1946 Goal: An Empire without large scale permanent military occupation and costly colonial administration

  2. America in 1790

  3. America in 1803

  4. America in 1853

  5. America in 1889

  6. America in 1898

  7. 1839-1842: Opium War opens spheres of influence in China to European powers • The Chinese paid the British a multimillion dollar indemnity, ceded Hong Kong and opened five treaty ports to traders: Canton (which had been open), Foochow, Nangpo, Amoy, and Shanghai. • 1854: Commodore Perry open’s Japan for trade • 1867: Seward’s Folley • 1883: Congress appropriates revenues to increase size of US naval fleet (to better enforce treaty/trade rights) • 1889: US, Great Britain and Germany establish a protectorate over Samoan Islands Combat at Guangzhou (Canton) during the Second Opium War Alfred T. Mahan author of The Influence of Sea Power upon American History

  8. What is America attempting to become? Good or Bad?

  9. 1893 • Widespread economic depression begins/Manufacturing up but not enough consumers for US goods • Chicago World’s Fair: display of US industrial and racial superiority (campaigned by Armour, Swift, McCormick, Field, and Pullman) *Fredrick Douglas called it, “civilization” and “savagery” • Overthrow of Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani by Dole, Inc. Cleveland does not bring it into Union

  10. Samoan Girls

  11. 1895: Cubans begin fighting their war of independence against Spain

  12. YELLOW JOURNALISM IN 1898 NEWSPAPERS PROVIDED THE PUBLIC WITH INFORMATION. PEOPLE LACKED THE ABILITY TO VERIFY IF THE STORIES WERE BIASED OR INACCURATE AND THEREFORE RELIED UPON NEWSPAPERS TO TELL THE TRUTH. PULITZER AND HEARST TOOK ADVANTAGE OF THE PUBLIC’S IGNORANCE BY TWISTING THE TRUTH TO SELL MORE NEWSPAPERS. SENSATIONALIZED STORIES WERE FEATURED HEAVILY IN THEIR NEWSPAPERS SINCE EXCITING HEADLINES INCREASED CIRCULATION. CARTOON WHERE THE TERM “YELLOW JOURNALISM” CAME FROM

  13. 1896 • Filipinos begin fighting their war of independence against Spain • William J. Bryan runs for President on anti-expansion/free silver campaign/loses to McKinley • America China Development Company: US businessmen with the goal of accelerating US business interest in China

  14. 1898 Remember the Maine and Hell with Spain • USS Maine explodes in Havana harbor/Spanish American War begins • Teller Amendment: pledges no US involvement in Cuba when fighting stops • US investment in Cuba=$50 million • Pres. McKinley proclaims Hawaii a US territory

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  17. ARMY NURSES DURING THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR

  18. 1899 • Guerilla war begins in Philippines in opposition to US occupation • US announces Open Door policy in China-idea that European powers in China should open their areas of influence to US trade • This is the foundation of 20th Century US foreign policy • US assists in putting down Boxer Rebellion in China (Harmonious Righteous Fists) Boxer Soldier

  19. An international force retaliated and seized control of Peking

  20. 1901 • Platt Amendment: reserves the right for US military to govern Cuba and cedes Guantanamo Bay base to US military • Violates the spirit of the Teller amendment and allows for US domination of Cuban sugar market

  21. Arguments against imperialism in the Philippines “In the forcible annexation of the Philippines our Nation neither adds to its strength nor secures broader opportunities for the American people.” William Jennings Bryan, 1899 “…we do not intend to free, but to subjugate the people of the Philippines. We have gone there to conquer, not to redeem.” Mark Twain, 1900

  22. To Annex the Philippines or Not? • NO! • Some Americans, like ex-President Grover Cleveland, thought owning the Philippines went against our traditions of independence. • Most Americans had no idea where the islands were even located. • YES! • The islands were a gateway to the markets of Asia. • Many Americans were excited about the prospect of a huge overseas empire. • Some Americans thought it was our duty to bring Anglo-Saxon civilization to non-whites.

  23. 1902 • Guerilla war in Philippines ends/ 1out of 5 Filipinos & 4,500 soldiers killed • Philippine Government Act: establishes limited self government for Philippines; President appoints a governor; promises eventual self determination

  24. 1903 • Hay-Herran Treay: to provide US land for construction of Panama canal/rejected by Colombian govt. • Philippe Bunau-Varilla stages Colombian “revolution” in a NYC hotel room!

  25. "I took the canal zone and let Congress debate. And while the debate goes on...so does work on the canal."

  26. 1914 • 1914:Panama Canal completed • 1920: US investments in Cuba= $500 million • 1921: Congress informally apologies to Colombia by paying out $25 million

  27. THE US BECOMES AN IMPERIAL POWER • HAWAII: 1898 • MIDWAY ISLAND: 1867 • WAKE ISLAND: 1898 • GUAM: 1898 • JOHNSTON ISLAND: 1898 • PALMYRA ISLAND: 1898 • SAMOA ISLAND: 1899 • PHILIPPINES: 1898 • PUERTO RICO: 1898 What is happening in this cartoon?

  28. Coaling Stations

  29. PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT VISITS THE CANAL CONSTRUCTION SITE IN 1906

  30. Panama Canal $60,000 avg. charge Or $265,000 for cruise ship

  31. 1946 • 1946: Philippines receive independence from US

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