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Week 2 Learning Objectives

Learn the difference between growth and development, factors influencing them, and major milestones across the lifespan. Discover the importance of assessment in nursing and the tools used for physical assessment. Understand the prioritization of assessment and the significance of vital signs. Gain insights into the normal aging process and mental health issues in the elderly.

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Week 2 Learning Objectives

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  1. Week 2 Learning Objectives

  2. Differentiate between the terms ‘growth’ and ‘development’ and the significance of both to health assessment. • 2. Describe factors that influence both growth and development. • 3. Recognize major developmental milestones for patients across the lifespan. • 4. Differentiate between a health history and assessment. • 5. Differentiate between subjective and objective data in assessment.

  3. Learning Objectives (continued) 6. Describe where and why assessment fits into the nursing process. 7. Identify the components and tools used to perform a physical assessment. 8. Describe prioritization of assessment. 9. Explain why vital signs are a priority for baseline and continued assessment.

  4. The terms ‘growth’ and ‘development’ both refer to dynamic processes.

  5. “Normal” growth and development across the lifespan… What is the difference between ‘growth’ and ‘development?’

  6. Growth refers to physical change and increase in size,measured quantitatively: Height, weight, bone size, dentition, etc.

  7. Growth: Physical change and an increase in size. It can be measured quantitatively.

  8. Development: An increase in the complexity of function and skill progression, the capacity of skill and a person to adapt to the environment…

  9. Growth or Development? • A child losing baby teeth as adult teeth emerge…. • A one year old who is beginning to walk… • A five year old who can not feed himself…. • A twelve year old who can not spell his name.. • A teenager rapidly getting taller… • An 18 month old child beginning to say a few words…

  10. Development is the behavioralaspect of growth (e.g., a person develops the ability to walk, to talk, and to run.)

  11. Factors that influence both growth and development: Genetics Prenatal Influences Environmental Influences Cultural Influences Nutrition Family and Parenting Health

  12. The Elderly They want and deserve respect, dignity, and independence. *A nurse must be aware of the normal aging process, age-related changes in aging bodies, as well as the mental health issues of the elderly …

  13. Assessment The first step in the nursing process

  14. WHAT IS ASSESSMENT? Things that you see, hear, smell, feel or taste !

  15. Assessment • Systematic method of collecting data • Determine current and ongoing health status • Predicting risks • Identifying health-promoting activities • Focus • Problems presented by clients • Multiple other factors

  16. Focus • Problems presented by client • Physical • Social • Cultural • Environmental • Emotional factors

  17. Assessment Techniques • Observation • Interviewing • Physical examination

  18. Helpful Assessment Tools

  19. Accurate recording and communication of findings is a must !

  20. Data Gathered During Health History • Wellness behaviors • Illness signs and symptoms • Past illnesses • Family history • Client strengths • Weaknesses • Risk factors • *A variety of sources may be utilized to obtain information

  21. Types of Data

  22. Subjective-What the patient tells you.Example: Patient states, “I’ve had a bad pain in my right knee for three weeks.”

  23. Objective- Detectable by an observer or can be measured or tested against an acceptable standard.Example: Oral temperature 98.9 degrees F.

  24. What are some examples of things we can observe (see)? Be sure to think about the obvious and the not so obvious…

  25. The not so obvious may include facial expression, body language, hygiene…

  26. How about whether the person is dead or alive ?

  27. Does the person appear to be awake or asleep ?

  28. Be sure to observe for symmetry, or lack of.

  29. Quick Review:What is assessment? Where does assessment fit in the nursing process?

  30. What is the difference between objective and subjective data?

  31. End of Week 2

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