1 / 10

Urban Economics

Urban Economics. Economics generally studies how markets work A market consists of a collection of buyers and sellers exchanging goods and services Urban economics adds the effect physical geography has on the workings of markets. Urban Economics.

beamer
Télécharger la présentation

Urban Economics

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Urban Economics Economics generally studies how markets work A market consists of a collection of buyers and sellers exchanging goods and services Urban economics adds the effect physical geography has on the workings of markets

  2. Urban Economics How does physical proximity – between participants in a transaction or in relation to the good transacted – affect markets? Examples: What determines variation in housing values across an urban area? Why are wages higher in areas that are more densely populated?

  3. Urban Economics Urbanization is broadly defined as the concentration of people within an specific area Roughly 220 million in the US (out of a total population of 300 million) live in urbanized areas. These areas account for just 4% of the US land area Urbanization decreases the cost of making market transactions Industrialization in the 18th and 19th century allowed many goods/services that were produced in the home to be acquired through market transactions

  4. Growth in industrialization related to urbanization In 1839: 72% of US output agricultural 17% manufacturing 11% of US pop. lived in urban areas In 1899: 33% of US output agricultural 53% manufacturing 40% of US pop. lived in urban areas

  5. Urban Area Urban areas are defined by the US Census and change over time Metropolitan area is the standard term for a urbanized area A metropolitan statistical area consists of: • at least one densely populated core area of at least 50,000 people and • adjacent communities that are economically integrated with the core

  6. Metropolitan Statistical Area Metropolitan statistical areas are made up of counties They include the county with the urban core as well as outlying counties Outlying counties are included in a metropolitan area if • at least 25% of its workers commute to the central county containing the urban core • At least 25% of the jobs in the outlying county are filled by workers living in the central county

  7. Metropolitan Statistical Area • Metropolitan areas typically named after the principal cities that make up the area • Southern California includes the metropolitan areas:

  8. Trends in Urbanization • Over the years people have moved from less dense rural areas to urban areas Rank counties from most to least dense

  9. Trends in Urbanization • People have migrated from the middle part of the United States toward the coasts map Reasons include: • Changing demand for temperate weather • People no longer tied to manufacturing and agriculture that took place in the midwest

  10. Trends in Urbanization • While people move to metropolitan areas, the areas themselves have become less dense

More Related