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Fascism and Nazism

Fascism and Nazism. World History - LHS. Fascism. Characteristics Political philosophy that raises nationalism (& often race) above the individual Government is centralized Government headed by a dictator Strict organization of the economy, society Aggressive repression of opposition

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Fascism and Nazism

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  1. Fascism and Nazism World History - LHS

  2. Fascism • Characteristics • Political philosophy that raises nationalism (& often race) above the individual • Government is centralized • Government headed by a dictator • Strict organization of the economy, society • Aggressive repression of opposition • Fascism is generally anti-religious (competition)

  3. Fascism & the Economy • Central planning of economy • Nationalization of key industries • Massive state spending on infrastructure • Price & wage controls • Private property allowed, but was dependent on owner helping state • Destroyed labor unions b/c they were “economically inefficient” (& pro-communist)

  4. Fascism and Society • Social Darwinism prevailed • Promoted the “superior” individual to weed out the weak

  5. Fascism and Foreign Policy • Anti-Communist • Fascism sought support of both workers and the rich • Anti-Democratic • Democracy gave power to all, including the weak

  6. The Rise of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party • Party started at the end of WWI • Stab in the back theory of loss of WWI (Jews, non Germans) • Other causes of rise of Party • Lack of patriotism • French seizure of Ruhr Valley, 1923-25

  7. Nazi Ideology • Belief in superiority of “Aryan” race (Germans) • Strong centralized gov’t necessary to protect Germany from Jews, Communists • Anti-Semitism = anti Jewish sentiment (inferior race)

  8. Lebensraum: “Living Space” • Need for lebensraum,at expense of USSR

  9. Adolf Hitler • Corporal in German Army, in WWI • Joined Nazi Party in 1919; became leader in 1921 • 1923: “Beer Hall Putsch” • Attempt to overthrow gov’t • Many Nazi’s thrown in jail, incl. Hitler • Wrote Mein Kampf (”My Struggle”) while in prison, in 1925

  10. Nazis Takeover Germany • 1920s to early 1930s • Continued electoral success in Reichstag (German Parliament) • 1932 • Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany, by President Hindenberg • Ordered immediate secret rearming of Germany

  11. Nazis Takeover Germany • 1933: Fire in Reichstag building • Hitler persuaded Hindenberg to sign emergency decree suspending civil liberties • Law passed giving Hitler dictatorial powers • Law passed abolishing all political parties except Nazis

  12. Nazis Take Over Germany • 1934: “Night of the Long Knives” (Hitler killed 3000 Nazi rivals) • 1935: Nuremburg Laws (legal basis for repression of Jews)

  13. The Road to World War II • 1935: Hitler officially rejected Versailles Treaty • March 1938: Anschluss(Annexation) of Austria

  14. The Road to World War II • Sept. 1938: Occupation of Sudetenland (W. Czechoslovakia) • Seized rest of Czech. in 1939

  15. Road to World War II • Nov. 1938: Kristallnacht • Coordinated attacks across Germany vs Jews • Killed 91, 200k into concentration camps • Destroyed 1000s of businesses, temples • Beginning of Holocaust

  16. Road to World War II • Aug. 1939: Molotov Ribbentrop Non-Aggression Pact • Germany, USSR enter into agreement • Both agree to trade treaties • Both agree to secretly divide E. Europe between them • Sept. 1939: Invasion of Poland

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