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-The Legacy of the Welfare State (Chapter 2) - Fashioning a New Society in the Wilderness (Chapter 3). The Legacy of The Welfare State. A Creation Story. The Legacy of the U.S. Welfare State. How Did it Come To Be?
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-The Legacy of the Welfare State (Chapter 2)- Fashioning a New Society in the Wilderness (Chapter 3)
The Legacy of The Welfare State A Creation Story
The Legacy of the U.S. Welfare State • How Did it Come To Be? • This is necessary to understanding today’s structures, we will give serious consideration to this on Group presentation Days. (Jansson History Days) Poverty Take it from Me Video Clip 2 min • One Word Description of its historical legacy: • Reluctant • the Jansson text illustrates this point well: sociologically and thoroughly
Understanding Where Colonists Came From • Poverty in 1500’s England • Noblesse Oblige • Catholics: tradition of sharing wealth • Protestants: giving as a moral duty • Most charity in 1600’s and earlier from private philanthropies and religious institutions http://www.bl.uk/whatson/exhibitions/trading/world4.htm l
Inheriting European Policies • Elizabethan Poor Law Act of 1601 • England consolidated laws assigning welfare roles to local parishes • when parishes can’t meet need, counties required to assume responsibility • Gvt thus becomes chief enforcer of poor relief, supplanting the Church of England • (Source: Macionis 8th ed. 2001:11) http://www.bl.uk/whatson/exhibitions/trading/world4.htm l Queen Elizabeth I (1533-1603). Queen of England and Ireland. Two Forms Of Aid…
Outdoor relief: aid to persons in their homes, cash or in-kind http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_interdisciplinary_history/v035/35.3mcintosh.html
Indoor relief: • aid to persons on condition of being in institutions, • almshouses/poorhouses/workhouses or required to be indentured servants or apprentices much more punitive http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_interdisciplinary_history/v035/35.3mcintosh.html
Depiction of 1837 Poor Laws Workhouse http://learningcurve.pro.gov.uk/snapshots/snapshot08/snapshot8.htm
Economic Change Prompts WS Change • (Source: Macionis 8th ed. 2001:11) • Hunter Gatherer --> Agrarian --> Industrialization • Urbanization • loss of family/local community economic support. • workers consequently exposed to a variety of hazards • illness • unemployment or injury on the job • Also extremes of life phases (i.e. before and after market employment) need caregiving • Childhood and old age • (Source: Macionis 8th ed. 2001:11)
Economic Change Prompts WS Change • (Source: Macionis 8th ed. 2001:11) • These problems (work hazards & ages of non-productivity and need for care): • previously perceived as family and community responsibilities. • require protections as substitutes for the family/community goods and services available in simpler times. • Historically varied attempts to satisfy these new needs. • (Source: Macionis 8th ed. 2001:11)
Varying Responses to Modernization’s Social Welfare Needs Trade unions to protect members by winning benefits through collective bargaining Private Charity Foundationsand Benevolent Societies Mutual Benefit Societies to protect members thru insurance plans Traditional American individualism and self- Reliance Government action, including swps, in response to popular demand URBANIZATION AND INDUSTRIALIZATION MODERNIZATION • Source: Katz MSU
http://www.fathermcgivney.org/mcg/index.cfm Founded 1882 Back http://www.kofc.org/about/history/founder/index.cfm
Back • Video Clip St. Vincent DePaul Angela’s Ashes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6zLpf1XDNko http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0145653/
Progressive Era Notice Outgroups: Who are they? How do these different groups interact and where is social welfare present in this excerpt from “Gangs of New York”? 1846/62 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Idp7fLSo-nE Boy released from Hellgate-through “ I would shoot each one of them before setting foot on soil” Multiple Race/Ethnic Groups and Different Economy- some of many reasons for differences between England and US
Triangular Passage Source: http://www.juneteenth.com/mp2.htm
Slave Shipshttp://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/ushisgov/themes/immigration/laws.htm
Slave Trade • Triangular trade system - named because the ships embarked from European ports, stopped in Africa to gather the captives, after which they set out for the New World to deliver their human cargo, and then returned to the port of origin. (like a triangle) • The Middle Passage was that leg of the slave triangle that brought the human cargo from West Africa to North America, South America, and the Caribbean.
Now that We’ve established that the Colonists were going to be different, and that they needed to adjust to industrialization, the question was how:The Most Eventful Debate is part of the Federalist Papers..
http://www.pbs.org/jefferson/ http://www.hamiltonlives.com/ Thomas Jefferson Alexander Hamilton The Constitution • The Federalist Papers • Strong Executive Branch • Centralized Gvt • Efficient • Elitist • Strong People • Decentralized • Egalitarian • Democratic Video: Alexander Hamilton takes Jefferson to school http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=notJuFGXQ9w&feature=related
Who Won? • Washington Usually Sided with Hamilton • 1800, Jefferson narrowly defeated Adams for president • Jefferson served 2 terms • With few exceptions all 19th century presidents (1800’s) subscribed to Jefferson’s view of limited government. • ** Strong defense of the federal government’s role in social welfare is relatively recent in America’s history. • If Hamilton and the Federalists had dominated, we might have a very different welfare system, federal centralization might have occurred much earlier than the new deal.
What Happened to Hamilton? http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/duel/ Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irjgdXxmCw0 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/duel/peopleevents/pande17.html
This trickled through the following periods… • Explains why Federal Social Security and Means Tested wasn’t enacted until 1935. • Currently moving to reverse this trend, from federal back to the states, will see this with TANF. http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/trade/files/century.pdf
Progressive Era Policy Changes Over Time
Progressive Era Policy Changes Over Time
Starobin • Nanny State= • social justice concern • Daddy State= • public order concern • Minimal State= • do as little as possible.
Quadagno Quadagno Presidential Address
The following slides are for your interest only, not part of class notes.
Benjamin Rush • Philadelphia Physician • Committee of Inspection and Observation • to implement measures passed at the Continental Congress 1774 • advocated need to develop public education system • advocated temperance, lead to American Temperance Movement • Crusade Against Slavery
Understanding Where Colonists Came From:The Constitution • John Locke (1600’s) (limited gvt, free speech, secularism, optimism, science, use of reason to discover natural laws -English Enlightenment) • gvt did not exist in the “state of nature” • instead, citizens developed a “contract” for a limited gvt when they discovered some people attacked and robbed others • citizens constructed gvt to preserve law and order • to avoid despots, checks and balances
Understanding Where Colonists Came From:The Constitution • Adam Smith • questioned excessive governmental intrusion into private matters • Voltaire • opposed state religions
Precursors to a Reluctant Welfare State • Cultural themes: • emphasis on individualism • limited gvt • Political themes: • lack of large class of landless people • subjugation of people of color • so little pressure to redistribute land or resources
Precursors to a Reluctant Welfare State • Institutional themes: • weak centralized government • relatively weak local jurisdictions
Review Activity: For each time period, indicate the Stage of the US Welfare State
US Welfare State _____________ _____________ _____________ Source:Kendall
US Welfare State _____________ _____________ Source:Kendall
http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/trade/files/century.pdf • Source for Century Info
