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Understanding Stem Cells: Functions, Differentiation, and Cellular Diversity

This resource offers a comprehensive overview of stem cells, including their unique properties, types, and the process of differentiation. Students will engage in group activities to explore various specialized cell types, such as muscle cells, red blood cells, and neurons, and discuss their functions and structures. It also delves into the significance of embryonic stem cell research and the potential of induced pluripotent stem cells in regenerative medicine. Through collaboration and inquiry, students will enhance their understanding of cellular diversity and the capabilities of stem cells.

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Understanding Stem Cells: Functions, Differentiation, and Cellular Diversity

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  1. 1/31/12 • Objectives • Structure v. function connection • Stem cells primer • Do now: Assemble in three or four groups of 2-3 students • Do later: Catch up on missing work (RRQ 1-5, mitosis picture, organelle picture, organelle quiz, plasmolysis lab, etc.)

  2. Diversity of Cells • In groups, answer the following 4 questions about your type of cell: • What is the function of this cell? • How does this cell perform its function? • What is unique about the structure of this cell? • How does the cell’s structure enable it to perform its function?

  3. Muscle cells (myocytes)

  4. Red blood cells

  5. Nerve cells (neurons)

  6. Sperm cell

  7. Diversity of Cells • Over 250 specialized cell types in our bodies. • Where do they come from? • Stem cells

  8. Stem cells • Stem cells are “blank cells” that have the ability to produce one or more types of specialized cells.

  9. Stem cells • Differentiation is the process by which a stem cell produces a more specializedcell.

  10. Differentiation • How does differentiation occur? • All cells have a full set of DNA • Instructions to make our whole body • As stem cells differentiate, many genes get “turned off,” except for the genes needed to make that differentiated cell. DNA – “switched on” DNA – “switched off”

  11. Embryonic Stem Cell Research • Embryos have stem cells that can produce all adult cells. • Research application • Watch how ESCs grow to learn about human development

  12. Stem Cells • Four different levels of stem cells • Totipotent – can produce all adult cells & placenta • Pluripotent – can produce all adult cells (not placenta) • Multipotent – can produce related families of cells • E.g. hematopoietic stem cells  blood • Unipotent – can produce one kind of cell • E.g. liver cells, hair cells

  13. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells • 2008 – Successful conversion of adult cells back into pluripotent stem cells • Potential to re-grow your own tissues and organs

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