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The well-being of children in the Benelux and Nordic Countries

Jonathan Bradshaw. Benelux/Nordic Seminar Indicators of Child and Youth Well-being: the link between knowledge, policy and practice 13-15 December 2009 Amsterdam. The well-being of children in the Benelux and Nordic Countries. Background on our work. 3 books on child well-being in the UK

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The well-being of children in the Benelux and Nordic Countries

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  1. Jonathan Bradshaw Benelux/Nordic Seminar Indicators of Child and Youth Well-being: the link between knowledge, policy and practice 13-15 December 2009 Amsterdam The well-being of children in the Benelux and Nordic Countries

  2. Background on our work • 3 books on child well-being in the UK • Bradshaw, J., Hoelscher, P. and Richardson, D. (2007) An index of child well-being in the European Union 25, Journal of Social Indicators Research, 80, 133-177. • UNICEF (2007) Innocenti Report Card 7 Child Poverty in Perspective: An Overview of Child Well-being in Rich Countries • Richardson, D. Hoelscher, P. and Bradshaw, J. (2008) Child well-being in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEE) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Child Ind. Res. 1: 211-250. • Bradshaw J, et al (2009) A Child Well-Being Index at Small Area Level in England, J. Child Ind. Res., 2, 2, 201-219 • Bradshaw, J. and Richardson, D. (2009) An Index of Child Well-being in Europe Child Ind. Res., 2, 3, 319 • Bradshaw et al (2009) Children’s Society Survey of the subjective well-being of 7000 children in England (forthcoming)

  3. Outline of this presentation • Remorselessly comparative (we need to compare to tell if children’s well-being is good or bad) • Conceptualisation of child well-being • Data sources • Results – Benelux and Nordic • Reservations • Explanations

  4. Conceptualisation of child well-being • Multi-dimensional approach • Influenced by the UN CRC • “the primary consideration in all actions concerning children must be in their best interest and their views must be taken into account” • Thus what children think, feel and say is important • Aspirations • Child the unit of analysis • Well-being more important than well-becoming • Focus on outcomes not inputs • Use direct measures • Masses of data out there from • Surveys and • Series

  5. DOMAINS OF WELL-BEING in EU 29 • 43 indicators • 20 components • 7 domains

  6. DOMAINS OF WELL-BEING • Health – HBSC, WDI, OECD Health Data • Subjective well-being - HBSC • Personal relationships – PISA, HBSC • Material resources – SILC, OECD, LIS, PISA, HBSC • Education- PISA, WDI, TIMMS, PIRLS, MICS, OECD Education Data • Behaviour and risks –ESPAD, HBSC, WDI, WHO mortality data • Housing and the environment – SILC, EQLS, MICS

  7. EU Child well-being: Summary

  8. WELL-BEING BY CHILD POVERTY RATE

  9. Health

  10. HEALTH

  11. Subjective well-being

  12. Components of subjective well-being

  13. Relationships

  14. RELATIONSHIPS

  15. Material well-being

  16. MATERIAL WELL-BEING

  17. Risk and safety

  18. Components of risk and safety

  19. Education

  20. EDUCATION

  21. Housing and the environment

  22. Housing and the environment

  23. Benelux/Nordic • Good • All round except Belgium • Netherlands very good – except environment • Relationships and subjective except Lux and Bel • Housing • Life satisfaction • Bad/badish • Belgium – risk behaviour • Luxembourg - relationships with friends • Finland - health behaviour • Norway - attainment • Iceland - participation rates • Denmark and Belgium - risk behaviour

  24. Change 1

  25. Change 2

  26. Change 3

  27. Educational achievement vs liking school

  28. Child well-being by GDP Euros per capita

  29. Child well-being and inequality

  30. Overall child well-being by spending on families with children 2005 as %GDP

  31. WELL-BEING AND LIFE SATISFACTION

  32. WELL-BEING BY FAMILY BREAKDOWN

  33. Family form by life satisfaction

  34. (Self) Criticisms • Not all aspects of child well-being covered • Bias to older children • Equal weighting • Z scores • No measure of dispersion within countries

  35. Explanations very difficult • Depend on domain • Wealth – Yes but not Lux • Welfare state effort – Yes but not Net • Mothers’ employment – No ?Net • Family structure – No • Spend on services – Yes except Lux • Equality/poverty – Yes • Quality of democracy – relationships yes except Bel and Lux • Self actualisation, freedom, resilience?

  36. Future • Innocenti report cards 9 and 10 - on dispersion • WIKIchild • Tarki EU project on child poverty and child well-being • Also better questions in SILC in 2009 • International Society for Child Indicators (ISCI) http://www.childindicators.org/

  37. jrb1@york.ac.uk

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