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hunter centre for entrepreneurship @ strathclyde

This research study explores the level of entrepreneurial activity in Scotland compared to the UK and other small modern nations. It aims to identify the factors that contribute to Scotland's entrepreneurial activity and the implications for public policy. The study utilizes standardized cross-national data from 23 nations and representative and key informant samples. The research framework includes nine entrepreneurial conditions, such as financial support, government policy, and cultural and social norms. The findings suggest that Scotland has a relatively high total entrepreneurial activity, with young adults being more entrepreneurial compared to older adults. However, there is a cultural bias against entrepreneurship and a lack of interpersonal networking, which hinders entrepreneurship. The study emphasizes the importance of maintaining momentum through initiatives that promote business birth rate and improve social interaction, focusing on education as a key factor.

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hunter centre for entrepreneurship @ strathclyde

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  1. hunter centre for entrepreneurship @ strathclyde Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Scotland2000 Dr Jonathan Levie Dr Laura Steele

  2. GEM2000 • RESEARCH QUESTIONS • Does the level of entrepreneurial activity vary between countries? By how much? • Does the level of entrepreneurial activity affect economic growth? • What makes a country entrepreneurial?

  3. GEM2000 Scotland • RESEARCH QUESTIONS • How does Scotland compare to the UK and other small modern nations • Which factors account for Scotland's level of entrepreneurial activity • What are the implications for public policy

  4. Standardised Cross-national Data: 23 nations Representative Sample: 2000 adults per nation Key Informant Sample: 36 experts per nation 9 Entrepreneurial Framework Conditions: 1.Financial Support 5.R&D Transfer 2.Gov. Policy 6.Comm. Infrastructure 3.Gov. Programmes 7.Barriers to Entry 4.Education, Training 8.Physical Infrastructure 9.Cultural & Social Norms GEM2000 Methodology

  5. 1. % of adults actively starting a business (nascent entrepreneurship rate) + 2. % of adults running a new business (owner/managers of businesses < 3½ yrs old) = Total Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) Measuring Entrepreneurial Activity

  6. GEM2000 Scotland • Summary Highlights • TEA typical of small modern nations • Young adults more entrepreneurial - a generation shift? • Cultural bias against entrepreneurship relatively strong • Poor interpersonal networking retards entrepreneurship

  7. 1. How Scotland Compares Total Entrepreneurial Activity (% of working age adults)

  8. 2. A New Entrepreneurial Generation? Nascent entrepreneurship rate: % of younger and older adults Young Scots are as entrepreneurial as elsewhere, older Scots are not

  9. 2. A New Entrepreneurial Generation? “...good opportunities for starting a business…” % agreeing with this statement Opportunity perception significantly higher among younger adults in Scotland

  10. 2. A New Entrepreneurial Generation? • Younger, more educated adults have highest rates of entrepreneurial activity TEA rates by age and education

  11. 2. A New Entrepreneurial Generation? “You personally invested in someone else’s new business in past 2 years” % agreeing by age and nation Investment activity among older Scots is significantly lower than expected

  12. 3. Cultural Bias Against Entrepreneurship “wealthy entrepreneurs resented”: % saying yes • More resentment of successful entrepreneurs in Scotland than other nations • Lack of appreciation of entrepreneurship as an economic contributor?

  13. 4. Poor Interpersonal Networking “Fear of failure would prevent you from starting a business”: % saying yes • Scotland has a high fear of failure rate. • Connection to Scottish networking issues?

  14. 4. Poor Interpersonal Networking “You know personally someone who started a business in past 2 years: % saying yes Scots less likely to know a new entrepreneur than citizens in other small modern nations - including nations with similar or lower TEA rates

  15. 4. Poor Interpersonal Networking “You personally invested in someone else’s new business in past 2 years”: % saying yes One consequence of poor networking is low access to start-up capital

  16. 4. Poor Networking hinders access to startup capital £million How it should be How it is

  17. Maintaining the Momentum • Business Birth Rate Strategy and changes in education may have caused a generation shift in entrepreneurial activity • Widening and deepening of successful BBRS initiatives now required to maintain momentum - “making connections” • Appreciating the link between entrepreneurship and economic growth • Improving social interaction • Education is key

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