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Blanco Instruments 2004-2008

Blanco Instruments 2004-2008. Instrument 2004 2005 2006 2007 Replacement Mosaic 8K CCD Imager yes yes yes yes ISPI 2K IR Imager yes yes -- -- NEWFIRM NEWFIRM 8K IR Imager share share HYDRA MOS (Fiber) yes yes yes: yes: RC Spectrograph yes (SOAR)

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Blanco Instruments 2004-2008

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  1. Blanco Instruments 2004-2008 Instrument 2004 2005 2006 2007 Replacement Mosaic 8K CCD Imager yes yes yes yes ISPI 2K IR Imager yes yes -- -- NEWFIRM NEWFIRM 8K IR Imager share share HYDRA MOS (Fiber) yes yes yes: yes: RC Spectrograph yes (SOAR) Echelle Spectrograph yes ? ? (SOAR)

  2. Southern Hemisphere US facilities 2004-2008 • SOAR 4.2-m -> 6 x 6 arcmin field, Adaptive optics • Gemini 8m -> narrow-field MOS spectroscopy + OIR instruments, MCAO. Second generation instruments (2008-2009) still to be defined; may include KAOS. • Magellan 6.5-m (x 2) -> One telescope will have F/5 (like MMT), share Megaprime (24x24 arcmin) • SALT 11-m -> spectroscopy, specialized, no public time anticipated

  3. Mosaic II Plusses • Good site, good telescope, good photometry • Reliable - (except we have a failed CCD) • Rapid filter change (< 10 seconds), lots of filters, fast shutter (10 ms uniformity) Minuses • Image quality issues - telescope, corrector, environment? • Slow readout (1.5 minutes in 16-channel mode) • Capable, but complex data acquisition system - both hardware and software SPIE 3355: CCDs - 487, Software - 497, Hardware -577 (1998)

  4. Mosaic II - Improvements? • Replace the failed CCD (March 2004) • Improve the telescope imaging performance • Telescope primary mirror radial supports • Telescope active optics system • Dome environment • Evaluate corrector performance • Pipelines for data reduction • Data into NOAO archive

  5. Performance metrics “LSST” metrics: (a) Faint Time window: A   / (psf)  1/2 (b) Faint stellar: A   / (psf) 1/2 (c) Faint resolved galaxies: A   / 1/2 Where sky noise limited exposures are assumed in all cases, and A = Telescope primary area  = Detector area  = efficiency (everything from clouds to readout time) (psf) = area of stellar point spread function  = cycle time  = background sky brightness

  6. Performance Comparison Faint Galaxy Performance: (A / 1/2) LSST: 79 PanSTARS: 15 CFHT Megacam: 2.7 Subaru: 2.2 SDSS: 1.7 VST: 1.4 VISTA (IR): 0.93 CTIO 4m + Mosaic: 0.9 CTIO 4m + DEC (2deg2) 11

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