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Overview of Secondary Storage Technologies

Overview of Secondary Storage Technologies. Prepared For: The Government Information Preservation Working Group December 16, 2003. Presented by: Richard Vining. The Basics. There are many digital storage technologies available

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Overview of Secondary Storage Technologies

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  1. Overview of Secondary Storage Technologies Prepared For: The Government Information Preservation Working Group December 16, 2003 Presented by: Richard Vining

  2. The Basics • There are many digital storage technologies available • Removable media (optical disks and magnetic tapes) will outlast the hardware and software used to create them • No single technology is “right” for every situation • It may be necessary to deploy a combination of technologies • There is no technology (today) that will store digital information “forever”

  3. The Questions • What do you need to store (file types)? • How much do you need to store (capacity)? • How big is the biggest file (media size)? • How much data are you adding (performance)? • How long do you need to keep it (retention)? • How fast do you want to retrieve it (access)? • Does the data need to be overwrite-protected?

  4. Types of Recordable Secondary Media 120mm Optical Disc Formats: • CD-R / -RW: single-sided 650MB ($1.25/GB) • DVD-R / -RW: single-sided 4.7GB ($0.42/GB) • DVD+R / +RW: single-sided 4.7GB ($0.42/GB) • DVD-RAM: dual-sided 9.4GB ($1.75/GB) • Write-Once and rewritable available for all formats • Lower-cost, entry-level, highly-standardized, but … • Compatibility between formats is ‘complicated’ • Only DVD-RAM is cartridge-based

  5. Types of Recordable Secondary Media 5.25” Optical Disk (replacements for 9.1GB MO) • UDO (Plasmon): 30GB, 4MB/sec, 5s File Access, $2/GB • To be supported by IBM & HP? • MO form-factor (able to mix MO & UDO in the same library) • PDD (Sony): 23GB, 9MB/sec, 8s File Access, $1.95/GB • To be supported by DISC? • Thinner cartridge (more slots per library) • Adapted from consumer-grade “Blu-Ray” technology • WORM and re-writable media available • Dual-sided media (only half is available on-line at one time) • Not compatible with either MO or each other

  6. Types of Recordable Secondary Media 12” Optical: • Plasmon LD-8000, dual-headed 30GB, 8MB/sec, WORM only, $15/GB • End-of-life? Only legacy customers continue to purchase • Plasmon acquired LMS drives and Cygnet Jukes • Rugged cartridge provides long-term protection • Used in high-end document management systems • Costs and lack of standards badly hurt this technology

  7. Types of Recordable Secondary Media Half-Inch Tape: • 9840-C: 40GB, 40MB/sec, 12s File Access, $2.50/GB • StorageTek & Imation are the prime suppliers • LTO-2: 200GB, 15MB/sec, 65s File Access, $0.42/GB • IBM, HP & Seagate make the drives, various media suppliers • SDLT 600: 300GB, 34MB/sec, 80s File Access, $0.40/GB • Quantum makes the drives, various media suppliers • S-AIT: 500GB, 30MB/sec, 70s File Access, $0.45/GB • Sony proprietary, uses AIT AME & helical scan technology • WORM available on 9840 (VolSafeTM) and S-AIT

  8. WORM REMOTE Types of Recordable Secondary Media 8-mm Tape: • AIT-3: 100GB, 12MB/sec, 27s File Access, $0.55/GB • Sony proprietary • WORM media available • Good mix of price/capacity/performance

  9. Types of Recordable Secondary Media Content-Addressable Storage (CAS): • Hard Disk based systems, with software layer for storing only unique files or blocks, based on content • Eliminates duplicate data, reducing capacity requirements by up to 95% (according to the vendors) • EMC Centera: scales from 4TB to over 1PB; redundant architecture includes mirroring and RAID-5; starts at $50/GB • Permabit Permeon: Linux-based software solution that works with standard hardware; cost depends on hardware used • “Compliance Editions” and other vendors (NetApp) available

  10. Storage Technology Profiles

  11. For more information, please contact… CBICreative Businesses, Inc. Rich Harada: (201) 722-9890, RichHarada@aol.com Rich Vining: (978) 374-3799, rcvining@comcast.net

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