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Understanding Political Theories: Foundation of Government and Sovereignty

This informative piece explores key political theories that have shaped governance and sovereignty. It discusses The Divine Theory, The Social Contract Theory, The Force Theory, and The Natural Theory, providing insights into their historical context and implications for modern political thought. Each theory addresses fundamental questions about the nature of authority, the role of the state, and the relationship between individuals and governance. By examining these theories, we can understand their impact on contemporary political structures and the concept of sovereignty.

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Understanding Political Theories: Foundation of Government and Sovereignty

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    3. ??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????

    4. ??????????????????????????? ??? (state) ????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ??? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? (political community) ????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????

    5. ???????????????? 1. ??????? (population) ???????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2. ?????? (territory) ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????? (land) ??????? (sea) ????? (air) ??????????? (continental shelf)

    6. 3.?????? (government) ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? 4.???????????? (sovereignty) ?????????? ??????????? (supremacy) ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????? ???????????? (internal sovereignty) ????????????????????????????????????? (supreme authority) ????????????? (external sovereignty)

    7. ?????????????????????????? * ??????? (absoluteness) ????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? * ???????????? (comprehensiveness) ???????????????? ????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? * ???? (permanence) ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? * ???????????? (indivisibility) ????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????

    8. 1. ?????????????? (The Devine Theory) 2. ????????????????? (The Social Contract Theory) 3. ????????????? (The Force Theory) 4. ????????????? (The Natural Theory) ??????????

    9. 1. ?????????????? (The Devine Theory) ????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    10. 2. ????????????????? (The Social Contract Theory) ???????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ( Social Contract) ??????????????????????????????? ????? ????? (Thomas Hobbes) ????? ???? (John Locke) ??? ?????? ????? (Jean Jaques Roussuau)

    11. ????? ????? (Thomas Hobbes) ????? ?????? ???????????? (state of nature) ?????????????????? ????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (????????) ????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????

    12. ????? ???? (John Locke) ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    13. ??? ?????? ????? (Jean Jaques Roussuau) ?????????? ? ??? ??????????????????????? (state of nature) ?????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (social community) ???????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??? ??????????? (general will) ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????

    14. 3.????????????? (The Force Theory) ???????? ???????????????????????? (conquest) ???????????? (coercion) ??????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ????????????????????? ???????????????????????

    15. 4.????????????? (The Natural Theory) ???????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ?????????? (Aristotle) ????????? ?????????????????????????????????? (by nature a political being) ??????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????

    16. ???????????? 1. ????????? (Unitary state) 2. ?????? (composite state)

    17. 1. ????????? (Unitary state) ??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? ??? ??????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ????????????????????????????????????

    18. ?????????????????? 1.???????????????????? (centralization) ???????????????? (Concentration) ?????????????????????????????????? (Deconcentration) ????????????? 2. ??????????????????????? (Decentralization)

    19. ?????? (composite state) ??????????????????????????????????????? ??? ????????? (Federal state) ?????????????????????? ??? ??????????????????????????????????????? 2 ????? ??? ?????????? (central government) ????????????????? (local government) ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    20. ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ???????????????? ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ???? ???????????????????? ???????? ???????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    21. ?????? (composite state)

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