Species Diversity and Interbreeding | Determining Ecosystem Diversity

1. Chapter 5 Evolution and Biodiversity Review 2018

2. Answer to multiple choice questions for chapter 5 pages 141-142 • A 9 B 2 D 10 C • B • A • C 6 D 7 E 8 E

3. What is a species?

4. What is a species? A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms that associate with one another and are capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.

5. How do you determine the diversity of an ecosystem? B A

6. How do you determine the diversity of an ecosystem? You count the number of species B A Which picture is the most diverse?

7. Which picture is the most diverse? A Calculate the Species Richness of each picture. Assume that if it looks different it is a different species. B A

8. Calculate the Species Richness of each picture. Assume that if it looks different it is a different species. B A Species Richness for A is 10 and for B it is 4

9. Another way to calculate diversity is species evenness. Which diagram has the greatest species evenness? The colors represent different species.

10. Another way to calculate diversity is species evenness. Which diagram has the greatest species evenness? The colors represent different species. A

11. What is a species?

12. What is a species? Organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile young

13. What is an invasive species?

14. What is an invasive species? An organism not native to the ecosystem that reduces the diversity of the ecosystem.

15. Use the phylogeny to identify which organism is most closely related to the leopard.

16. Use the phylogeny to identify which organism is most closely related to the leopard. Turtle

17. Which attributes are shared by tunas and salamanders?

18. Which attributes are shared by tunas and salamanders? Both have vertebral columns and hinged jaws.

19. Give two examples of artificial selection.

20. Give two examples of artificial selection.

21. When a population is suddenly reduced because of natural disaster, what happens to the genetic diversity of the population?

22. When a population is suddenly reduced because of natural disaster, what happens to the genetic diversity of the population? Diversity decreases. Is the diversity loss caused by density dependent or density independent factors?

23. When a population is suddenly reduced because of natural disaster, what happens to the diversity of the population? Diversity decreases. Is the diversity loss caused by density dependent or density independent factors?

24. What is the term that describes a reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a natural disaster like fire or clear cutting or drought or volcanoes or habitat loss?

25. What is the term that describes a reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a natural disaster like fire or clear cutting or drought or volcanoes or habitat loss or hunting? Bottleneck effect

26. What is the term for all the members of a species being killed?

27. What is the term for all the members of a species being killed? Extinction

28. What percent of all of Earth’s species have gone extinct?

29. What percent of all of Earth’s species have gone extinct? 99%

30. What do scientists use to determine the morphology and the time a species lived if it has gone extinct?

31. What do scientists use to determine the morphology and the time a species lived if it has gone extinct? Fossils

32. Name a cellular process that creates genetic diversity.

33. Name a cellular process that creates genetic diversity. Mutation How does the use of air conditioning contribute to mutations?

34. Name a cellular process that creates genetic diversity. Mutation How does the use of air conditioning contribute to mutations? Air conditioners contain cfcs which can destroy the ozone layer which prevents UV rays (a mutagen) from reaching earth’s surface.

35. Some bacteria that are exposed to antibiotics are resistant to the drug and pass this resistance on to their offspring. The bacteria’s ability to be resistant to an antibiotic is an____________.

36. Some bacteria that are exposed to antibiotics are resistant to the drug and pass this resistance on to their offspring. The bacteria’s ability to be resistant to an antibiotic is an adaptation.

37. An adaptation is a trait that improves an organism’s fitness for an environment. Name an adaptation that a plant located at 35°N on the east side of a mountain.

38. An adaptation is a trait that improves an organism’s fitness for an environment. Name an adaptation that a plant located at 35°N on the east side of a mountain. Needle like leaves and thick waxy covering.

39. How does allopatric speciation occur?

40. How does allopatric speciation occur? Organisms that were once able to breed become separated from one another, perhaps by a stream, and then evolve over time so they can no longer interbreed.

41. Which fossil is the oldest?

42. Which fossil is the oldest? Trilobite

43. Name 3 factors that contribute to extinctions.

44. Name 3 factors that contribute to extinctions. Loss of habitat, climate change, invasive species, inability to adapt, over harvesting, natural disasters

45. On average, what happens to temperature as you move north of the equator in the winter? On average, what happens to temperature as you move south of the equator in the winter?

46. On average, what happens to temperature as you move north of the equator in the winter? It gets cooler On average, what happens to temperature as you move south of the equator in the winter? It gets cooler

47. On average, what happens to temperature as you move higher in elevation up a mountain.

48. On average, what happens to temperature as you move higher in elevation up a mountain. It gets colder

49. Aspen trees favor niches that have colder temperatures. Birch trees share similar niches with aspen trees, but they tolerate warmer climates better. Which tree would come to dominate if the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increased?

50. Aspen trees favor niches that have colder temperatures. Birch trees share similar niches with aspen trees, but they tolerate warmer climates better. Which tree would come to dominate if the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increased?