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VARIASI SOMAKLONAL

Dasar Bioteknologi Tanaman. VARIASI SOMAKLONAL. Dr.Ir . Sukendah , MSc. Variasi somaklonal. Fenomena umum dalam regenerasi tanaman in vitro. Keragaman somaklonal adalah keragaman genetik yang dihasilkan melalui kultur jaringan. Keragaman genetik eksplan. mutasi.

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VARIASI SOMAKLONAL

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  1. DasarBioteknologiTanaman • VARIASISOMAKLONAL Dr.Ir. Sukendah, MSc

  2. Variasisomaklonal • Fenomenaumumdalamregenerasitanaman in vitro • Keragamansomaklonaladalahkeragamangenetik • yang dihasilkanmelaluikulturjaringan • Keragamangenetikeksplan mutasi • Keragamangenetik yang terjadididalam • kulturjaringan Fasetakberdiferensiasiyang relatifpanjang

  3. Pembentukan kalus Massa selparenkim yang terjadikarenaproliferasijaringanawal • Somaklonal variation • Material utkmempelajariperkembangan • Dieksploitasiutkproduksibahanalam Kumpulan sel amorphous darisel-sel yang membelahdiriterusmenerus

  4. Keuntungan utama Somaclonal variation dapat menciptakan tambahan variabilitas genetik Plant improvement

  5. gamma mahkotabunga 500 dan 1000 rad In vitro tunas Pengakaran Tanamdi pot

  6. VariasiSomaklonalTujuanKhusus Komersial/ Crop Improvement Program • Perubahanharusstabil • 2. Perubahanharusmerupakansifat-sifatpentingseperti vigor, hasil, kemasakan, tipetanaman, fertilitas, dan lain-lain • 3. Variasisomaklonal yang menarikpadaumumnyameliputisifat-sifatpositif yang belumadapadanomor-nomorgalur yang dihasilkanolehparapemuliatanaman

  7. TerjadinyaVariasiSomaklonal • Genetic (Heritable Variations) • Pre-existing variations in the somatic cells of explant (sudahadavariasipadaselsomatiksebelumnya) • Caused by mutations and other DNA changes • Occur at high frequency • Epigenetic (Non-heritable Variations) • Variations generated during tissue culture (variasi yang diinduksiolehkondisikuljar) • Caused by temporary phenotypic changes • Occur at low frequency

  8. Somaclonal Variation • Possible causes • the dedifferentiation – redifferentiation process • axillary shoot proliferation vs. organogenesis & embryogenesis • hypothesis of D'Amato • somaclonal variants are rare in micropropagated plants (when multiplication is by axillary branching of shoot tips/buds) • more common during shoot organogenesis & somatic embryogenesis (esp. w/a callus phase)

  9. Somaclonal Variation • Possible causes • the "culture environment" • the hypothesis – that tissue culture is inherently stressful to cultured plant cells • environmental stress is known to cause: • DNA methylation – the methylation of cytosine is known to cause gene inactivation; this may occur during the redifferentiation process • gene amplification – can result in incr. gene expression

  10. Somaclonal Variation • Possible causes • the "culture environment" • environmental stress is known to cause: • transpositional changes • inadequate control of the cell cycle (errors in microtubule synthesis, spindle formation) • importance of PGRs • scant evidence of direct mutagenic action • more evidence for transient modifications of phenotype (e.g., dwarfing)

  11. Thank You

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