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The National Flood Insurance Program

The National Flood Insurance Program. A Program Overview. DEC Floodplain Coordinators Central Office. Bill Nechamen, CFM (518) 402-8146 Kelli Higgins-Roche, CFM (518) 408-0340 Rick Tuers (518) 402-8148 Dondi Saltsman (518) 402-8215. DEC NFIP Regional Coordinators REGIONAL OFFICES.

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The National Flood Insurance Program

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  1. The National Flood Insurance Program A Program Overview

  2. DEC Floodplain CoordinatorsCentral Office • Bill Nechamen, CFM (518) 402-8146 • Kelli Higgins-Roche, CFM (518) 408-0340 • Rick Tuers (518) 402-8148 • Dondi Saltsman (518) 402-8215

  3. DEC NFIP Regional Coordinators REGIONAL OFFICES Region 3: New Paltz Mark Lewis 845-256-3822 Region 4: Schenectady Tom Blanchard, CFM 518-357-2379

  4. The National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 The National Flood Insurance Act created the Federal Insurance Administration and directed it to: • Identify flood-prone areas within the U.S. • Establish flood-risk zones within those areas. • Require new and substantially improved buildings be constructed in ways that minimize flood damage. • Transfer cost of private property flood losses from taxpayer to property owner.

  5. Flood Disaster Protection Actof 1973 Significant expansion of the NFIP and required: • Acceleration of flood insurance studies • Notification of flood-prone communities • Mandatory purchase requirement • Participation in the NFIP for Federal assistance

  6. National Flood Insurance Reform Act of 1994 • Expanded flood insurance purchase requirements / Lender penalties for non-compliance • Requires lenders to determine if structure is located in a flood hazard area • Flood disaster assistance requires maintenance of flood insurance policy • Increased Cost of Compliance -- allows insurance payment to elevate, demolish or relocate structure

  7. Federal Role • Risk identification/mapping • Establish development/building standards • Provide affordable flood insurance coverage

  8. State Role • Establish development/building standards • State building code • Model local law for flood damage prevention • Provide technical assistance to local communities/agencies • Under contract with FEMA, evaluate and document community/agency floodplain management activities

  9. Local Role • Adopt local floodplain management laws • Issue or deny development/building permits • Inspect development • Maintain records

  10. Definitions

  11. Definition of Special Flood Hazard Area • “Darkly shaded area on a Flood Hazard Boundary Map or a Flood Insurance Rate Map which identifies that area that has a 1 percent chance of being flooded in any given year. The FIRM identifies these shaded areas as flood zones A, AO, AH, A1-30, AE, A99, V, V1-30, and VE.”

  12. Definition of Base Flood • A flood that has a one-percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year. It often is referred to as the "100-year" flood. • 26% chance of occurring in a 30-yr period • 39% chance of occurring in a 50-yr period • 63% chance of occurring in a 100-yr period

  13. Definition of Floodway • “...means the channel of a river or other watercourse and the adjacent land areas that must be reserved in order to discharge the base flood without cumulatively increasing the water surface elevation more than one foot.” • Also referred to as the “Regulatory Floodway.”

  14. Hydraulics – Floodway Example

  15. Definition of Lowest Floor • “...means the lowest floor of the lowest enclosed area, including basement. An unfinished or flood resistant enclosure, usable solely for parking of vehicles, building access or storage in an area other than a basement areais not considered a building’s lowest floor, providedthat such enclosure is not built so as to render the structure in violation of the applicable non-elevation design requirements of this ordinance.”

  16. Definition of Basement • Basement or Cellar is that portion of a building having its floor subgrade (below ground level) on all sides.

  17. Definition of Development • “...means any man-made change to improved or unimproved real estate, including but not limited to buildings or other structures, mining, dredging, filling, grading, paving, excavation or drilling operations or storage of equipment or materials.” Not Just Buildings!

  18. Definition of Substantial Improvement • Any reconstruction, rehabilitation, addition, or other improvements of a structure, the cost of which equals or exceeds 50% of the market value of the structure before the “start of construction” of the improvement.

  19. Definition of Substantial Improvement... • This term includes structures which have incurred “substantial damage”, regardless of the actual repair work performed.

  20. Definition of Substantial Damage • Damage of any originsustained by a structure whereby the cost of restoring the structure to its before damaged condition would equal or exceed 50% of the market value of the structure before the damage occurred.

  21. Substantial Improvement or Damage Does Not Include... • Any project for improvement of a structure to correct existing violations of state or local health, sanitary, or safety codes which have been identified by the local code enforcement official and which are the minimum necessary to assure safe living conditions or...

  22. Substantial Improvement or Damage Does Not Include... • Any alteration of an “historic structure”, provided that the alteration will not preclude the structure’s continued designation as an “historic structure.”

  23. Requirements For Substantial Improvement Substantially improved structures are considered NEW CONSTRUCTION and must meet all of the minimum building standards of the NFIP.

  24. Flood Insurance Studies and Maps

  25. Use the FIRM to • Identify Special Flood Hazard Areas • Identify the location of specific property • Estimate BFE at a specific site • Determine flood insurance zone at a specific site • Determine the location of the regulatory floodway

  26. Types of Maps • Flood Hazard Boundary Maps (FHBM) • Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) • Flood Boundary Floodway Map (FBFM) • Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM)

  27. Level of Detail • Approximate study--delineates "100-year" floodplain boundaries; does not determine base flood elevations or depths • Detailed study--determines base flood elevations (BFEs) or depths to be displayed on FIRM

  28. Reading a FIRM Older maps are by Community. Newer maps are by County. Moving towards County-wide and Watershed based Mapping. Open Map Index and Find Panel

  29. Some Map Features Wavy Line used when Flood Elevation Varies along Watercourse; Label used when flood elevation is uniform over large area.

  30. Older “Flat” Maps

  31. Flood Boundary & Floodway Map

  32. Flood Profile Example

  33. Who Must Get Local Floodplain Development Permits • Private Developers • Counties • Cities, Towns or Villages • School Districts • Public Improvement Districts Established by Section 36-0107 of Environmental Conservation Law

  34. Human Caused Watercourse Alterations: Local Requirements • Local Permits Required for Floodplain Development • LOMR may be Required • Provide required notifications of changes in existing watercourses to... • FEMA • DEC • Adjacent Communities Note: Permit holder must provide for maintenance of altered portion of watercourse in perpetuity.

  35. The Elevation Certificate • Administrative tool of the NFIP • Policy rating • Support of map revisions and amendments • Certify building elevations • Community compliance Download at: http://www.fema.gov/business/nfip/elvinst.shtm

  36. Elevation Requirements for Zones AE, AH, and A1-30 • All new construction and substantial improvement shall have the Lowest Floor, including basement, elevated to or above the BFE (Plus 2’ Freeboard if Residential Construction) • The reference level for the lowest floor is measured at the top of the sub-floor Residential Building Code: R322.2.1 Building Code Section 1612.4: Refers to ASCE 24

  37. Elevation Requirements: Zone A- NO Base Flood Elevation Data • All new construction or substantial improvement, shall have the lowest floor, including basement, elevated at least three feet above the highest adjacent grade. (DEC Model Local Law; NYS Residential Building Code, R323.1.3.2) • For subdivisions or other developments over 50 lots or 5 acres, applicant must provide flood elevation data and build accordingly. (FEMA Regulations: 44CFR60.3(b)(3))

  38. Elevation Requirements: Zone A- NO Base Flood Elevation Data • If there is a Base Flood Elevation from a reputable source, then use it. • NYS DEC • Corps of Engineers • NRCS • Historic Flood Data • Other engineering study, including for development of over 5 acres or over 50 lots

  39. Requirements in the Floodway • No new development, including fill, in designated floodways that would increase flood heights. • Developer must submit a hydraulic analysis which determines no rise in flood heights. • If there is any rise, project must be reconfigured or maps revised. • No variances for development in floodway.

  40. Construction Standards: Elevated Foundations • Fill • Perimeter Wall • Pile

  41. Slab on Fill Fill

  42. Standards for Elevation on Fill • Compaction • Will not settle below BFE • Slopes • Protection • Not in Floodway • Lowest floor must remain above BFE + 2

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