1 / 47

Gestão de Energia : 2013/14

Gestão de Energia : 2013/14. Class # 4 Energy Analysis: Block diagrams Prof. Tânia Sousa taniasousa@ist.utl.pt. Energy Analysis. Definition: the process of determining the energy intensity of a product or service, i.e., the energy required directly and indirectly to produce it

benoit
Télécharger la présentation

Gestão de Energia : 2013/14

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Gestão de Energia: 2013/14 Class # 4 Energy Analysis: Block diagrams Prof. Tânia Sousa taniasousa@ist.utl.pt

  2. Energy Analysis • Definition: the process of determining the energy intensity of a product or service, i.e., the energy required directly and indirectly to produce it • The energy used indirectly might be more important that the energy used directly Auto-industryassemblyline Electricity Paint

  3. Energy Analysis • Questionswe can answerwithanEnergyAnalysis: • Whatistheenergyneeded to produce 1 kg ofsteel? • Howmuchenergyissavedbyrecyclingwasteglassproducedinside a glassfactoryback to thefurnace? • Whatistheembodiedenergyoffoodconsumed in Swedenandthe UK? (1 MJ = 0.024 kgoe)

  4. Energy Analysis • DifficultiesassociatedwiththeEnergyAnalysisframework: • Choosingthesystemboundary • Mergeseveralkindsofenergy • Ex: theproductionoffueloilfrom crude oilhas a muchhigherefficiencythantheproductionofelectricityfromcoal • EnergyCredit for by-products • Ex: by-productsfromtheiron & steelindustry are usedbythecementindustry

  5. EnergyAnalysis: Basic Operations • UnitaryProductionOperation • Conventions: • The use ofblockletters for Operations • The use ofnumbers for Inputs/Outputs Energy consumption EA Materials lnput Production m1 Operation A m3 m2 Residues mR

  6. Energy Analysis: Specific Consumption of Operation & Inputs • SpecificConsumptionofOperation A: CEA • SpecificConsumptionof Material 1: CE1

  7. Energy Analysis: Mass Factors • Residueformation factor • Massproportion

  8. EnergyAnalysis: SpecificConsumptionofProduction • Whatistheenergyspecificconsumptionof m3?

  9. EnergyAnalysis: SpecificConsumptionofProduction • Whatistheenergyspecificconsumptionofm3? • Writeit as

  10. Energy Analysis: Specific Consumption of Production • Whatistheenergyspecificconsumptionof m3? • Writeit as DirectEnergy Use IndirectEnergy Use

  11. EnergyAnalysis: SpecificConsumptionofProduction • Whatistheenergyspecificconsumptionofm3? • Whatisthespecificconsumptionofresidues?

  12. Energy Analysis: Specific Consumption of Production • Whatistheenergyspecificconsumptionof m3? • Thespecificconsumptionofresiduesisnull No energyconsumptionisattributed to mR (whichisalsoan output ofoperation A)

  13. EnergyAnalysis: SpecificConsumptionofProduction • Whatistheenergyspecificconsumptionofm3? • Why does a higherresidueformation factor, SA,implies a higherspecificconsumptionoftheuseful output, CE3?

  14. EnergyAnalysis: SequentialProcess • Whatistheenergyspecificconsumption CE4? EC 1 2 3 4 A B C EA EB

  15. EnergyAnalysis: SequentialProcess • Whatistheenergyspecificconsumption CE4? • Writeit as a functionof: EC 1 2 3 4 A B C EA EB

  16. EnergyAnalysis: SequentialProcess • Whatistheenergyspecificconsumption CE4? EC 1 2 3 4 A B C EA EB

  17. EnergyAnalysis: SequentialProcess • Whatistheenergyspecificconsumption CE4 usingthis exterior boundary? 1 2 3 4 A B C EC EA EB

  18. EnergyAnalysis: SequentialProcess • Whatistheenergyspecificconsumption CE4 usingthis exterior boundary? • Homework: Prove thatthisexpressionisequal to 1 2 3 4 A B C EC EA EB

  19. Exercise Consider the production system of floor pavement that has only: a ceramic oven, choice of defective parts and storage. The specific consumption of the furnace is 200 kJ / kg, whereas the specific energy consumption of the choice operation is 5 kJ / kg and the specific energy consumption of storage operation is 20 kJ / kg. The floor raw material involved an energy consumption of 50 kJ / kg in the clay processing operations. The operation of cooking promotes the volatilization of certain components of raw pavement representing 5%. The operation of choice rejects 10% of the output of the furnace and breaks during storage are 1%. Determine the specific consumption of the floor pavement.

  20. Exercise Scheme CEA = 200 kJ/kg; CEB= 5 kJ/kg; CEC= 20 kJ/kg CE1= 50 kJ/kg; SA= 1/0.95; SB= 1/0.9; SC= 1/0.99 EC EA EB 1 2 3 4 Oven Choice Storage

  21. EnergyAnalyis: ConvergentProcess • WhatistheenergyspecificconsumptionCE5? 1 A 2 5 C 4 3 B

  22. EnergyAnalyis: ConvergentProcess • WhatistheenergyspecificconsumptionCE5? 1 A 2 5 C 4 3 B

  23. Exercise A company manufacturing sunflower oil imports 60% of raw material and the remaining 40% is domestically produced. The sunflower imported is transported by sea 1000 km, while the national sunflower is transported by truck 200 km. The operation of oil refining has a specific consumption of 100 kJ/kg. The oil content of sunflower is 10%, meaning that the rejection mass on refining is 90% (in fact thismaterial is used in the manufacture of cattle feed). The specific consumption of transport is 0.025 kJ/kg.km by truck and 0.010 kJ/kg.km by sea. Losses in sunflower transportation are 1% on truck and 0.1% on ship. Determine the specific consumption of refined oil.

  24. Exercise Scheme CEA =10000.01 kJ/kg; CEB =2000.025 kJ/kg; CEC =100 kJ/kg; SA = 1/0.999; SB= 1/0.99; SC= 1/0.1; CE1 = CE3= 0; 1 A: Transportship 2 5 C: Refining 4 3 B: Transporttruck

  25. 3 B 2 1 A 4 5 C EnergyAnalyis: DivergentProcess • In a divergentprocessallproductsthat are an output ofthesameoperationhavethesamespecificenergyconsumption • There are otheroptions to giveenergycredit to by-products, e.g., economic.

  26. 3 B 2 1 A 4 5 C EnergyAnalyis: DivergentProcess • What are theenergyspecificconsumptionsCE5 & CE3?

  27. 3 B 2 1 A 4 5 C EnergyAnalyis: DivergentProcess • What are theenergyspecificconsumptionsCE5 & CE3?

  28. E G 1 D B 4 A 6 2 9 10 11 5 C 7 3 8 12 F Exercise • Compute CE11and CE12

  29. E G 1 D B 4 A 6 2 9 10 11 5 C 7 3 8 12 F Exercise • Compute CE11and CE12

  30. EnergyAnalysis: TreatmentOperation • WhatistheenergyspecificconsumptionCE2? • Energyconsumption in a treatmentoperationisassigned to theoperationthatgeneratestheresidues (A)

  31. EnergyAnalysis: TreatmentOperation • WhatistheenergyspecificconsumptionCE2?

  32. EnergyAnalysis: TreatmentOperation • WhatistheenergyspecificconsumptionCE2? • WhatistheenergyspecificconsumptionCE3?

  33. Energy Analysis: Treatment Operation • What is the energy specific consumption CE2? • What is the energy specific consumption CE3? • The energy specific consumption of the output from the treatment operation is null

  34. Energy consumption E A Materials Production input m m 1 2 Operation A Recycled residues Residues m R Energy consumption m Treatment 3 in treatment operation B E B EnergyAnalysis: Recycling • WhatisthespecificconsumptionofproductionCE2? m4 Recycling operation C

  35. Energy consumption E A Materials Production input m m 1 2 Operation A Recycled residues Residues m R Energy consumption m Treatment 3 in treatment operation B E B EnergyAnalysis: Recycling • WhatisthespecificconsumptionofproductionCE2? • Otherrecyclingschemes: m4 Recycling operation C

  36. Exercise 4 D • Compute CE6 3 1 R C (treat) A 5 2 6 B

  37. Exercise 4 D • Compute CE6 3 1 R C (treat) A 5 2 6 B

  38. EnergyAnalyis: Energy & material inputs • Whatisthemeaningof E1? • E1 isthe total energyused to produce m1 • For consistencypurposeswhatshouldbethemeaningof EA?

  39. EnergyAnalyis: Energy & material inputs • Whatisthemeaningof E1? • E1 isthe total energyused to produce m1 • For consistencypurposeswhatshouldbethemeaningof EA? • EA shouldbethe total energyused to producethatenergyconsumption, i.e., EA shouldbetheprimaryenergyassociatedwiththe final energy input • To mergeseveralkindsoffinal energyfirstconverteachone to primaryenergyandthenmakethe sum

  40. EnergyAnalyis: Energyefficiencymeasures • Whatistheimpactofanenergyefficiencymeasurethatdecreases CEAonCEoutput? B 1 2 3 4 1 2 A A B C EC 3 EA EB 5 EB EA ED 4 D EC 6 C

  41. EnergyAnalyis: Energyefficiencymeasures • Whatistheimpactofanenergyefficiencymeasurethatdecreases CEAonCEoutput? B 1 2 3 4 1 2 A A B C EC 3 5 EA EB EB EA ED 4 D EC 6 C

  42. Exercise A factory produces 2 end products: P1 and P2. These products follow the production process shown in the diagram below, with P1 = 50000 ton/year and P2 = 30000 ton/year. The operation G treats the effluents from E and F. These two (E and F) are the only productive operations that generate waste, and SE = 1.2, SF = 1.3. In operation G, only 20% of the input effluent, exits the process as waste. The values of composition are as follows: f4 = 0.4, f6= 0.5. The table presents the specific consumption of each operation. Consider that for electricity: 0.215 kgep/kWh and for fueloil 0.984 kgep/kg. What is the specific consumption of each product? 13 G 14 3 6 11 12 C 4 7 8 (produção 1) A E 1 5 D 9 10 (produção 2) B F 2

  43. Exercise

  44. Exercise A factory produces 2 end products: P1 and P2. These products follow the production process shown in the diagram below, with P1 = 50000 ton/year and P2 = 30000 ton/year. The operation G treats the effluents from E and F. These two (E and F) are the only productive operations that generate waste, and SE = 1.2, SF = 1.3. In operation G, only 20% of the input effluent, exits the process as waste. The values of composition are as follows: f4 = 0.4, f6= 0.5. The table presents the specific consumption of each operation. Consider that for electricity: 0.215 kgep/kWh and for fueloil 0.984 kgep/kg. In which product will a measure of energy savings implemented in the operation A reduce more the specific consumption? 13 G 14 3 6 11 12 C 4 7 8 (produção 1) A E 1 5 D 9 10 (produção 2) B F 2

  45. Exercise

  46. Exercise A factory produces 2 end products: P1 and P2. These products follow the production process shown in the diagram below, with P1 = 50000 ton/year and P2 = 30000 ton/year. The operation G treats the effluents from E and F. These two (E and F) are the only productive operations that generate waste, and SE = 1.2, SF = 1.3. In operation G, only 20% of the input effluent, exits the process as waste. The values of composition are as follows: f4 = 0.4, f6= 0.5. The table presents the specific consumption of each operation. Consider that for electricity: 0.215 kgep/kWh and for fueloil 0.984 kgep/kg. Calculate f13 13 G 14 3 6 11 12 C 4 7 8 (produção 1) A E 1 5 D 9 10 (produção 2) B F 2

  47. Exercise 3800 15200 10000 30000 30000 50000 42400 27600 13 G 14 30000 9000 11 12 41400 30000 C 39000 41400 8 (produção 1) A E 1 D B F 2

More Related