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Thesauri, Terminologies and the Semantic Web

Thesauri, Terminologies and the Semantic Web. CCLRC. Council for the Central Laboratory of the Research Councils (CCLRC) Big Science Synchrotron Radiation Sources Lasers Pulsed Neutron Source Large-scale IT demands: tera-scale data, computation Strong IT R&D programme

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Thesauri, Terminologies and the Semantic Web

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  1. Thesauri, Terminologies and the Semantic Web

  2. CCLRC • Council for the Central Laboratory of the Research Councils (CCLRC) • Big Science • Synchrotron Radiation Sources • Lasers • Pulsed Neutron Source • Large-scale IT demands: tera-scale data, computation • Strong IT R&D programme • BITD: Business and Information Technology Department

  3. SWAD-E • Semantic Web Advanced Development for Europe (SWAD-E) • EU Project • W3C Semantic Web Activity • R&D • Demos & Apps • Guidelines & Best Practises • Partners: HP Labs, ILRT, Stilo, ERCIM (INRIA), CCLRC

  4. Semantic Web • Current Web: • Web of information for humans • Semantic Web: • Web of data for computers • Why? • Automation, organisation, search • Enabling technologies: • RDF: Resource Description Framework • Data linking, low-level semantics • OWL: Web Ontology Language • High-level semantics, inference

  5. SWAD-E Thesaurus Activity • Why is SWAD-E interested in thesauri? • Large body of well-engineered knowledge • Enrich & bootstrap semantic web • SWAD-E Thesaurus Activity • Design Schemas for thesaurus data • Guidelines for use and migration • Supporting technologies and demos

  6. Exploiting the Semantic Web • What can you get out of the semantic web? • Integration & Connectivity • Data Interoperability • Application Interoperability • N.B. The Semantic Web is a Tool.

  7. Integration & Connectivity • Recurring use-case: high/low-level thesauri • E.g. GCL & Cultural Heritage thesauri • E.g. Gerry’s macro/micro thesauri • RDF => Data linking • Can create large linked thesaurus structures – super-thesauri • Linking solves problem of concurrent versions

  8. Data Interoperability • Interoperability is a major goal • Move to XML technologies is a step in the right direction • But … • XML does not equal Interoperability • [N.B. plethora of XML formats for thesauri]

  9. SKOS-Core: RDF Schema for Thesauri • Introducing: SKOS-Core 1.0 • RDF Schema for Thesauri • SKOS: Simple Knowledge Organisation Systems • The First Challenge: coping with variety in thesaurus design and structure • Allow unique features • Support interoperability • The Second Challenge: interoperating with/migrating to ontologies, taxonomies, classification schemes etc. • N.B. The semantic web is where data collide

  10. SKOS Meta-Model • SKOS Meta-Model: Concept-orientation • Concepts (given URIs) • Labels (pref, alt) (symbols) • Concept Schemes • Semantic Relations (extensible set) • Broader, narrower, related … • Semantic Mappings (extensible set) • Exact, inexact … • Scope notes, definitions, depictions • Infer meaning of concept from labels, scope notes, definitions, depictions & neighbours. skos:semanticRelation sub-property of skos:broader sub-property of skos:broaderInstantive

  11. SKOS Meta-Model

  12. Example: GEMET • Non-Standard Features: • Groups & Super-Groups • Themes • Solution: Extend SKOS-Core: • Class gemet:Group • Sub-class of skos:Concept • Class gemet:Theme • Sub-class of skos:Concept • Property gemet:broaderTheme • Sub-property of skos:broader • Property gemet:broaderGroup • Sub-propery of skos:broader skos:semanticRelation sub-property of skos:broader sub-property of gemet:broaderGroup

  13. Approach to Non-Standard Thesauri • Design schema as extension to SKOS-Core • Preserve unique features • Can interoperate with anything based on SKOS-Core • Have your cake and eat it!

  14. Example: MeSH • Medical Subject Headings • Thesaurus features: • Semantically ambiguous concept hierarchy • Ontology features: • Semantic typing of concepts, e.g. Calcymycin type Antibiotic • Use combination of SKOS and OWL to represent this hybrid structure • RDF, SKOS & OWL means you can migrate a thesaurus to ontology merely by adding statements • (No re-engineering or transformation is required)

  15. Interoperability: Thesaurus Mapping • Common use-case: overlapping thesauri • Mappings support interchangeable use of overlapping thesauri • Introducing: SKOS-Mapping • RDF Schema for inter-thesaurus mapping

  16. Exact Inexact Major Minor Partial Broad Narrow Ordered Combinators: AND, OR, NOT SKOS-Mapping Sets of Resources in which Concept Occurs

  17. Data Interop Summary • SKOS-Core supports interoperability of KOS with variable structures • SKOS-Mapping supports interoperability of overlapping KOS

  18. Multilinguality • Analyse multilingual thesaurus into language components • Multilingual Labelling • Use SKOS-Core • E.g. GEMET • Inter-lingual Mapping • Use SKOS-Core + SKOS-Mapping • E.g. AAT, Merimee

  19. Multilinguality (2) Analyse each language component Multilingual Labelling Interlingual Mapping

  20. Application Interoperability • Move to modularisation and distribution via web services is step in the right direction • But … • Web services does not equal application interoperability • Web service API • Community driven design • Endorsed by wider community

  21. SKOS API • SKOS API • Interface to terminology web service • Under development (pre-release is online) • Participate on public mailing list: public-esw-thes@w3.org

  22. Web Service Implementation • Reference Implementation of SKOS API • Leverage power of sem-web tools • E.g. RDF Query • E.g. transitive closure of broader concepts • SOAP Service • Back end: Sesame RDF Store • Modular design • Semantic Web Services

  23. Future Issues • Social aspects • Semantic web technology supports community driven development of thesauri • But … validation? • Change Management • Versioning • Evolution

  24. Summary • Semantic Web Technologies are tools • SKOS-Core & SKOS-Mapping support data interoperability • SKOS API supports application interoperability • W3C Semantic Web Best Practises Working Group • Thesaurus Task Force

  25. SWAD-E & Eco-informatics • Work with thesaurus developers and managers • Publish RDF encodings of current thesauri • Test design and coverage of SKOS-Core • Community building for development of web service API

  26. Thank You • Links: SWAD-Europe Thesaurus Activity http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/reports/thes/ SKOS-Core 1.0 Guide http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/reports/thes/1.0/guide/ SKOS API http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/reports/thes/skosapi.html SKOS-Core 1.0 Guidelines for Migration http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/reports/thes/1.0/migrate/ Public Thesaurus Mailing list public-esw-thes@w3.org W3C Semantic Web Activity http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/ SWAD-E Project http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/

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