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Matthew

Matthew. Introduction. Core of Matthew’s gospel . Belief Who do men say that I am? And who do you say that I am? Action Obedience to his teaching Spreading the news of Jesus, doubts or not, to the whole world. What were Matthew’s sources?. Matthew is widely thought to have used

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Matthew

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  1. Matthew Introduction

  2. Core of Matthew’s gospel • Belief • Who do men say that I am? • And who do you say that I am? • Action • Obedience to his teaching • Spreading the news of Jesus, doubts or not, to the whole world

  3. What were Matthew’s sources? Matthew is widely thought to have used • Mark’s gospel (also known to Luke) • an oral or written collection of sayings also known to Luke (“Q”) • another source not known to the other evangelists (“M”) He is generally believed to have had no knowledge of the gospels of Luke or John

  4. The community and Judaism • Very many OT references • 12 “fulfillment quotations” • Over 60 OT references • Many, many allusions All this suggests he was among a Jewish Christian community • Split from Judaism was becoming a reality • Date – 65-75CE? Discussion centres on 2 questions • Does he know of the destruction of the Temple in 70CE? • Was he writing before or after rabbinic Judaism adopted the “12th benediction” cursing heretics (excluding Christians from the synagogue) in 85CE?

  5. Who wrote it? The Gospel is anonymous • Tradition says Matthew wrote the gospel, perhaps starting from Papius of Hierapolis in 2nd century, who claims to have spoken with the “elders” • Clues in the gospel? • 9:9 changes Levi to Matthew (cf Mk 2:13) • 10:3 adds “tax-collector” (cf Mk 3:18) Is the evangelist identifying himself? • Eusebius (4th cent) quotes Papias but calls him • “a man of small intelligence... not an eyewitness, [who] had listened to John.” What Papias says about Matthew is ambiguous

  6. 5 patterns in Matthew • 7 mountains • Jesus as the New Moses • Progressive ministry from Israel to the world • Chiasmus • Alternating blocks of narrative and teaching All work a bit, none entirely

  7. Pattern 1: 7 mountains • Obedient Messiah 4:8 • Teaching Messiah 5:1 • Praying Messiah 14:23 • Healing Messiah 15:29 • Glorified Messiah 17:1 • Eschatological Messiah 24:3 • Universal Messiah 28:16

  8. Jesus 5 discourses Herod slays children Baptism 40 days wilderness Sermon on the Mount Ascends from mountain Moses 5 books Pharoah slays children Red Sea 40 years wilderness Law at Mount Sinai Dies on Mount Horeb Pattern 2: Jesus as the New Moses

  9. Pattern 3: Progressive ministry • Initial teaching only in Galilee 4:23 • Disciples sent to Israel alone 10:6 • Church sent to the whole world 28:19 Is Jesus’ encounter with the Canaanite woman the turning point? (15:21-28)

  10. Pattern 4:Chiasmus Chiasmus is a cross-correspondence in order of phrases or passages (like the Greek letter chi) A But many that are first    B shall be last;    B1 and the last A1 shall be first (Matt19:30) c

  11. Chiasmus 1: Repeating stories A Two blind men 9:27-31 B Sign of Jonah 12:38-42 C Feeding 5000 14:13-21 D Canaanite woman 15:22-28 C’ Feeding 4000 15:32-38 B’ Sign of Jonah 16:1-4 A’ Two blind men 20:29-34

  12. Herod’s ironical wish to worship Jesus Journey from Herod’s palace to where Jesus was John baptises Jesus 9 blessings of the Kingdom 7 woes of scribes and Pharisees Pilate washes his hands of Jesus Journey from praetorium to Golgotha Chief priests’ ironical worship of crucified Jesus Chiasmus 2

  13. Temptation Bread Dramatic act Kingship of world Devil left him for a time Passion Last supper Healings and miracles Kingship at crucifixion God left him for a time Chiasmus 3

  14. Chiasmus 4: King and kingdom King announced by Magi, feared by Herod Kingdom of Heaven (developedchapters 4,5,11,13,14,18,20,21,22) King feared by Pilate, announced on the Cross

  15. Chiasmus 5: overall structure A 1-4 Narrative B 5-7 Discourse C 8-9 Narrative D 10 Discourse E 11-12 Narrative F 13 Discourse E’ 14-17 Narrative D’ 18 Discourse C’ 19-22 Narrative B’ 23-25 Discourse A’ 26-28 Narrative

  16. Introduction 1-2 Narrative 3-4 Discourse 5-7 Narrative 8-9 Discourse 10 Narrative 11-12 Discourse 13 Narrative 14-17 Discourse 18 Narrative 19-22 Discourse 23-5 Narrative 26-7 Conclusion 28 Pattern 5: Alternating blocks of narrative and teaching

  17. 5 discourses • Sermon on the Mount 5-7 • Missionary discourse 10:1-42 • Parable discourse 13:1-53 • Community discourse 17:22-18:35 • Short apocalypse 23-25:46 All end with same formula After Jesus had finished…

  18. 4:23-25 9:35 11:1 14:35-6 15:29-31 19:1-2 21:14 For example 11:1 After Jesus had finished instructing his twelve disciples, he went on from there to teach and preach in the towns of Galilee 21:14 The blind and the lame came to him at the temple and he healed them “Capsule summaries”

  19. Matthew’s theological themes • Kingdom of heaven • Jesus as the Christ, the Son of God • Righteousness and discipleship • Law and grace • Eschatology (last things)

  20. Matthew and the Jews • Seems to write to a Jewish Christian community • Mission only to the Jews 10:5-6, 23 • Highly critical of Jewish unbelief 23:32-3 • “Our blood be on our own heads” 27:25 • Yet • Response of Gentiles (Magi, story of centurion’s child, Canaanite woman, centurion at cross) • Great Commission to “all the world” • Jewish-Christian tensions evident • Gospel has been misused as anti-semitic

  21. Study pattern 14 studies including introduction Covers about 2 chapters at a time (these are natural divisions) Aim is to • grasp the shape of the gospel as a whole • recognise Matthew’s particular interests • meet Jesus as Matthew presents him to us Aim to complete just after Easter

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