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Potato Grading

Potato Grading. History Purpose Standards by use Fresh, Process, Seed Grades U.S. No 1, U.S. No 2, etc. How grade affects price. History of Grade Standards. Field run markets Company or self-imposed standards Emergence of Market Orders National standards

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Potato Grading

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  1. Potato Grading • History • Purpose • Standards by use Fresh, Process, Seed • Grades U.S. No 1, U.S. No 2, etc. • How grade affects price

  2. History of Grade Standards • Field run markets • Company or self-imposed standards • Emergence of Market Orders • National standards USDA Inspection Service State Department of Agriculture

  3. Purpose of grading to a standard • Establishing raw product value • Ensuring potato quality • Determining crop loss • Determining treatment differences in research

  4. Grade Determinations • Specifications Standards of determination for the grade categorization of individual tubers • Tolerances Standards of determination for the grade categorization of potato lots

  5. Fresh Potato Standards Includes Specificationsand Tolerances for: • Size • General appearance • Skinning • Cleanliness • Damage • Defects

  6. Processing Potato Standards Includes Specificationsand Tolerances for: • Size • Firmness • Shape • Freezing injury and rot • Cleanliness and foreign material • Damage • Defects • Optional for specific gravity and fry color

  7. Seed Potato Standards Includes Specificationsand Tolerances for: • Minimum and maximum size • Shape • Freezing injury and rot • Bacterial ringrot, nematode, tuber moth • Damage • Defects • Blackheart

  8. Potato Grades • Fresh Potatoes U.S. No. 1 U.S. No. 2 U.S. Commercial • Processing Potatoes U.S. No. 1 Processing U.S. No. 2 Processing • Seed Potatoes U.S. No. 1 Seed Potatoes (blue tag) U.S. No. 2 Seed Potatoes (yellow tag)

  9. Fresh Grade Specifications Requirement U.S. No. 1 U.S. No. 2 Size >1 7/8 >1 ½ Shape Fairly well Not serious Skinning Mature N/A Cleanliness Fairly N/A Damage Free Free Defects Free Freeof severe

  10. Fresh Grade Size Specifications Category Minimum Maximum Size A 1 7/8 in NR Size B 1 ½ in 2 ¼ in 60 count 10 oz 16 oz 70 count 9 oz 15 oz 80 count 8 oz 13 oz 100 count 6 oz 10 oz

  11. Fresh Grade Tolerances Tolerance U.S. No. 1 U.S. No. 2 External defects 5% 6% Internal defects 5% 6% Frozen/rot comb. 3% 3% Undersize 3% 3% Oversize 10% 10%

  12. Process Grade Specifications Requirement U.S. No. 1 U.S. No. 2 Size 4 oz or 1 7/8” 4 oz or 1 7/8” Firmness Moderately Moderately Shape Fairly well Not serious Foreign material Free Free Freez. injury/Rot Free Free Damage/Defects Free Free of serious

  13. Process Grade Tolerances Tolerance U.S. No. 1 U.S. No. 2 Serious damage 5% 5% Freeze injury 2% 2% Rot 2% 2% Foreign material 1% 1% Undersize 3% 3% Oversize 10% 10%

  14. Seed Grade Specifications Requirement U.S. No. 1 U.S. No. 2 Size 1½ in-12 oz 1 ½ in-12 oz Shape Fairly well Not serious Freez. injury/Rot Free Free Ringrot, nematode Free Free Damage/Defects Free Free of severe

  15. Seed Grade Tolerances Tolerance U.S. No. 1 Undersize 3% Oversize 10% External defects 6% Internal defects 5% Ringrot, nematode 0% Late blight rot 1% Variety mix 0.25% Frozen/Rot 0.50%

  16. Grading/Inspection ProcessFresh Potatoes • Raw product delivery ----sampling and inspection if needed • Grading/Packaging ----sampling and inspection • Market delivery ----inspection on demand

  17. How does grade impact grower returns?

  18. Paid Yield = Incentive Based Yield + Process Cull Yield • Incentive Based Yield = US No 1 + US No 2 • Process Cull Yield = Malformed + less than 17/8” tubers Processing Contract • Field Run Yield = 500 cwt/ac • 65% US No 1 + 20% US No 2 (500 x 0.85 = 425 cwt/ac) • 15% Process Culls (500 x 0.15 = 75 cwt/ac)

  19. Process Culls = $2.50/cwt x 75cwt/ac = $187.00/ac What are the potatoes worth? • Incentive Adjusted Price = Base Price +/- incentives for grade, size specific gravity, bruise, fry quality, etc. • Base price = $6.50/cwt x 425 cwt/ac = $2,762.50/ac • Grade incentive = $.015 per cwt for each % above 60% (65% = $0.075 per cwt x 425 cwt/ac = $31.88/ac) • Size incentive = $.015 per cwt for each % above 50% (70% = $0.30 per cwt x 425 cwt/ac = $127.50/ac) • Bruise incentive = $.020 per cwt for each % above 60% (85% = $0.50 per cwt x 425 cwt/ac = $212.50/ac) Answer = $187.00 + $2762.50 + $31.88 + $127.50 + $212.50 = $3321.38 per acre!

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