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In A Nutshell

In A Nutshell. Grade 8 TEKS on Grade 10 TAKS. Dates. 1776 1787 1788 1791 1861-1865. 1776 Declaration of Independence. Stating that the 13 colonies were a free and independent nation Written by Thomas Jefferson. 1787 Constitutional Convention.

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In A Nutshell

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  1. In A Nutshell Grade 8 TEKS on Grade 10 TAKS

  2. Dates 1776 1787 1788 1791 1861-1865

  3. 1776 Declaration of Independence • Stating that the 13 colonies were a free and independent nation • Written by Thomas Jefferson

  4. 1787 Constitutional Convention • Gathering of state representatives to revise the Articles of Confederation (1777) • Held in Philadelphia • George Washington was president of Convention

  5. 1788 Constitution Ratified • Ratified by 9 of 13 states June 21, 1788 (this constituted a majority)

  6. 1791 Bill of Rights Adopted • Consists of the 1st ten amendments to the Constitution • Rights of the Individual: 1st-3rd • Rights of the Accused: 4th-8th • Rights of the States and People: 9th-10th

  7. 1861-1865 U.S. Civil War • War between the North (Union) and the South (Confederacy) • 1st shots fired at Fort Sumter • Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse in 1865 • Lincoln assassinated 5 days later by John Wilkes Booth

  8. People George Washington Thomas Jefferson

  9. George Washington • Commander of Continental Army during Revolution • President of Constitutional Convention • 1st U.S. President (Father of our Country) • Urged U.S. to maintain neutral foreign policy

  10. Thomas Jefferson • Author of the Declaration of Independence • 3rd U.S. President • Supported minimal government • Residence at Monticello

  11. Documents Magna Carta English Bill of Rights Declaration of Independence Federalist Papers U.S. Constitution Bill of Rights

  12. Magna Carta • 1215 • King John was forced to sign it • British document contained 2 basic ideas: • Monarchs have to obey laws • Citizens have basic rights

  13. English Bill of Rights • 1689 • Signed by William and Mary of England • Document guaranteeing the rights of English citizens

  14. Declaration of Independence • 1776 • Written by Thomas Jefferson • Listed colonial grievances against Great Britain and King George • Stated that colonies were a free and independent nation

  15. Federalists Papers • 1787 • Coauthored by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay • Essays defended the Constitution and discussed the political theory behind the American system of government

  16. U.S. Constitution • 1787 • A plan (framework) for the United States Government • Grew out of the Articles of Confederation • Ratified by 9 states June 21, 1788 • By all states by 1790

  17. Bill of Rights • 1791 • Name by which the first 10 amendments to the Constitution are known • Deal with the rights of the individual, the accused, and of the states and people

  18. Principles • Limited Government • Republicanism • Checks and Balances • Federalism • Separation of Powers • Popular Sovereignty • Individual Rights • 13th, 14th, 15th, 19th Amendments

  19. Limited Government • The government has only those powers that the Constitution gives it

  20. Republic • Instead of directly participating in government, citizens elect representatives to carry out their will

  21. Checks and Balances • Each branch of the government can check or control the actions of the other branches

  22. Federalism • Division of power between the states and the national government

  23. Separation of Powers • Principle by which the powers of government are divided among separate branches: • Executive, Legislative, Judicial

  24. Popular Sovereignty • Idea that people hold the final authority in government

  25. Individual Rights • The basic rights of all human beings are guaranteed in the bill of rights • Freedom of speech • Freedom of religion • Freedom to assemble peacefully

  26. Natural Rights • Rights so basic that they cannot be taken away • AKA inalienable rights • “Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness”

  27. 13th Amendment • 1865 • Bans slavery

  28. 14th Amendment • Grants citizenship to all persons born in the U.S.

  29. 15th Amendment • 1870 • Guarantees voting rights for all men, regardless of race

  30. 19th Amendment • 1920 • Gives women the right to vote

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