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An Introduction to Critical Thinking

An Introduction to Critical Thinking by QualiaSoup ( http ://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6OLPL5p0fMg ). Give someone a fish and they’ll eat that day. Give someone a fish and they’ll eat that day. Teach them how to catch a fish and they’ll never go hungry. LEARNING SKILLS. Dependence.

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An Introduction to Critical Thinking

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  1. An Introduction to Critical Thinking by QualiaSoup (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6OLPL5p0fMg)

  2. Give someone a fish and they’ll eat that day

  3. Give someone a fish and they’ll eat that day Teach them how to catch a fish and they’ll never go hungry

  4. LEARNING SKILLS Dependence Self-reliance

  5. … and it may lead to the solving of that, and similar problems Memorize the solution to a problem … Solution LEARNING SKILLS Self-reliance

  6. … can provide techniques to solve a multitude of unfamiliar problems improving your critical thinking … Self-reliance

  7. Critical thinking Analyzing Conceptualising Defining Examining Inferring Listening Questioning Reasoning Synthesising evaluating information in a disciplined way & evaluating our thoughts help us refine our thought processes • think and assess information more comprehensively • more able to identify and reject false ideas /ideologies Self-reliance

  8. Critical thinking …isn’t just ‘thinking a lot’ (How?) Position X Who?

  9. Critical thinking …isn’t just ‘thinking a lot’ (How?) Thinking Critically Who? Position X flaws & biases flaws & biases We need to be aware of the flaws and biases in our thinking …

  10. … we must want to be betterat thinking to pinpoint and minimize biasing influence from CultureandUpbringing to seek out and be guided by Knowledgeand Evidence that fits with reality.....

  11. …even if it refutes our cherished beliefs beliefs if shown to be unfounded CHANGE of POSITION= appropriate response

  12. Critical thinkers exhibit - Curiosity Perspective Knowledge Willing to do the work required to keep themselves properly informed

  13. What would upset Evolutionary theory? Explains nothing Untestable Many things. For instance, a Paleozoic panda…. The crops failed because the Sun God is angry

  14. Critical thinking embraces Scepticism doubting suspension of judgement indiscriminate rejection of ideas CLAIM reasoning assumptions biases reasoning

  15. reasoning should be based in sound, consistent logic not on emotions / social pressure Truth of factual claims is not determined by: • the emotion that accompanies them OR • the fact that they may be believed • by certain social groups

  16. Reason has no value reasoning should be based in sound, consistent logic not on emotions / social pressure Truth of factual claims is not determined by: the emotion that accompanies them OR the fact that they may be believed by certain social groups

  17. Reason has no value Because it’s just a human concept

  18. Reason has no value Because it’s just a human concept Using the very thing you are dismissing in order to construct a case against it REASON

  19. Reason has no value Because it’s just a human concept Using the very thing you are dismissing in order to construct a case against it REASON

  20. These aren’t ripe Moving to Australia Pros Cons REASONis intrinsic to our decisions and judgments

  21. These aren’t ripe Moving to Australia Pros Cons What will increase our understanding? Dismissing reason? Or looking honestly at our flaws?

  22. unwillingness to listen La intellectual arrogance intellectual laziness lack of respect for reason lack of respect for evidence will sabotage one’s capacity for critical thought What will increase our understanding? Dismissing reason? Or looking honestly at our flaws?

  23. BLACK & WHITE THINKING

  24. FALSE DICHOTOMY

  25. Those who accept evolution Theists

  26. Those who accept evolution Theists who accept evolution Theists

  27. Those who accept evolution If we think in false dichotomies we will draw false conclusions Theists who accept evolution Theists

  28. If OPTION A is false OPTION B MUST be true If we think in false dichotomies we will draw false conclusions If one doesn’t hold ATTITUDE X One MUST hold ATTITUDE Y

  29. BLACK & WHITE THINKING often reflects underlying intolerance of ambiguity leaping to flawed conclusions because you can’t tolerate the ambiguity of not knowing TRUTH CURIOSITY COMFORT

  30. Qualities of a Critical Thinker • can handle uncertainty • prefers to be aware of their areas of ignorance • can wait for valid evidence • can wait for evidence-based answers

  31. Cr t calThnkng intellectual independence

  32. Cr t calThnkng • Moves us away from • rash conclusions • mystification • reluctance to question • - received wisdom • - authority • - tradition • Moves us towards • intellectual discipline • clear expression of ideas • acceptance of personal responsibility for our own thinking

  33. better equipped to create more profoundly effective solutions to the challenges we face in living, and living together eager to acquire and apply the best knowledge and reason in all fields willing to acknowledge and correct flaws in their own thinking

  34. When we teach, encourage and practice critical thinking we empower individual lives and invest in our collective future

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