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Asian Art Review

Asian Art Review. = Balance . Buddha. Founder = Siddhartha Gautama, India Born into an aristocratic family Father was a prince Lives both extremes. 4+4 = 8 The ultimate goal of Buddhism is to put an end to suffering and rebirth. Four Sights or Signs An old Man A sick Man A dying Man

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Asian Art Review

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  1. Asian Art Review = Balance

  2. Buddha • Founder = Siddhartha Gautama, India • Born into an aristocratic family • Father was a prince • Lives both extremes

  3. 4+4 = 8 The ultimate goal of Buddhism is to put an end to suffering and rebirth • Four Sights or Signs • An old Man • A sick Man • A dying Man • A religious mendicant • The four Noble Truths: • The truth of suffering (Dukkha) • The truth of arising – suffering arises from Desire (Samudaya) • The truth of cessation – desire can be eliminated (Nirodha) • The truth of the path (Magga)

  4. Eightfold Path • 8 factors divided into 3 categories” – they define the parameters of human good • Morality • Right Speech • Right Action • Right Livelihood • Meditation • Right Understanding or View • Right Resolve • Wisdom • Right Effort • Right Mindfulness • Right Meditation

  5. 2 Major Sects of BuddhismTheravada and Mahayana • The Great Schism in Buddhism occurred between 100BCE and 100 CE • Theravada Buddhism is the lesser vehicle • Monastic tradition • Focuses on individual and the individual’s efforts to follow the Eightfold Path in order to gain salvation

  6. The Mahayana ( the greater Vehicle). • New focus on a universal salvation for all humanity. The sect gave rise to the two most common of Buddhist sculptures • The Buddha • The Bodhisattva

  7. The Buddha Ushnisha – cranial bump (wisdom) Urna – curl of hair or dot between eyebrows (spiritual eye) Elongated Earlobes- noble heritage Chakras (Wheels) on soles of feet Lotus throne • Hand Gestures or Mudras

  8. Ushnisha – cranial bump (wisdom) Urna – curl of hair or dot between eyebrows (spiritual eye) Elongated Earlobes- noble heritage Chakras (Wheels) on soles of feet Lotus throne

  9. Hand Gestures or Mudras Teaching Meditating Intellectual debate Buddha’s enlightenment Ward off evil Blessing/fear not

  10. Mandala- The wheel= Buddhas law/reincarnation Square--enlightenment Buddhist Symbols

  11. Architecture - Stupa • Mound shape shrine no interior • Reliquary • Pray while walking around mound • Mast at top symbolize • Buddha • Law • Community of monks • Square enclosure • Cardinal points-gateways

  12. Architecture - Stupa The Great Stupa • Mound shape shrine no interior • Reliquary • Pray while walking around mound • Mast at top symbolize • Buddha • Law • Community of monks • Square enclosure • Cardinal points-gateways Borobudur

  13. Hinduism • Indian subcontinent. • meaning "the eternal law” • beliefs vary widely, from monotheism, polytheism, and atheism • Vishnu - Preserver • Shiva - Destroyer • Brahma - Creator • Ganesh - remover of obstacles. • reincarnation • karma, as well as personal duty, or dharma.

  14. Circle-reincarnation • Arms-power • Hands-mudras • Dwarf- victory over ignorance • Home for the god • Covered in images of the gods

  15. Pagoda • Based on stupas • Repeated vertical design • Ancestor worship • Wood • Curved roof for drainage and to ward off negativity and evil spirits

  16. Chinese Painting • Scrolls • Vertical compositions • Not decoration, but to study • Painted on silks • Acceptable to write on scrolls • Beauty found in balance & harmony reduced to pure/simple elements of line and shape color value texture. • Philosophical/mediation • Balance ying yang positive and negative space • Calligraphy high form of art

  17. Japanese painting • Very isolated-little outside influence • In 1850’s prints sold to Europeans –influenced Impressionists • Genre painting • Beauty of nature and images of harmony and balance • Flat-cropping-patterns-unmodulated tones • printmaking

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