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The Evolution of the Jazz Tenors: Saxophones in Swing, Bop, and Beyond

Explore the rich history and evolution of the saxophone, invented by Adolphe Sax in the mid-19th century. Discover how it transformed military bands and classical music before becoming a cornerstone of jazz during the swing era. Delve into the distinct characteristics of alto and tenor saxophones, featuring legendary artists like Charlie Parker, Coleman Hawkins, and John Coltrane. This overview highlights key works from the 1930s through the 1960s, showcasing the saxophone's versatility and profound impact on jazz music.

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The Evolution of the Jazz Tenors: Saxophones in Swing, Bop, and Beyond

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  1. The Jazz Tenors October 26, 2005

  2. Saxophone • Adolf Sax (1814-1894) • Perfects bass-clarinet design • ~1850 invents saxophone • Uses saxophones to replace oboes, bassoons and French horns in military band • Classical composers start incorporating sax • Comes into its own in jazz swing era

  3. Alto vs. Tenor • Alto • Higher register • Lighter sound usually • Often a more direct tone and style Just Friends Charlie Parker

  4. Alto vs. Tenor • Tenor • Lower register • Bigger, huskier sound • Bluesy • More often uses “foo-foo” phrasing (subtone) • High notes sound more strained Just Friends Coleman Hawkins

  5. Alto vs. Tenor • Can you guess which is which and who is who? Flamenco Sketches (Miles Davis) John Coltrane Cannonball Adderly

  6. Swing Era – 1930s Lester Young (1909-1959) Lester Leaps In Polka Dots and Moonbeams

  7. Swing Era – 1930s Coleman Hawkins (1904-1969) Body and Soul

  8. Swing/Bop Transition – 1940s Don Byas (1912-1972) How High the Moon

  9. BeBop and Hard Bop – 1950-60s Dexter Gordon (1923-1990) Cheese Cake (1962)

  10. BeBop and Hard Bop – 1950-60s Sonny Rollins (1929-) St. Thomas Far Out East

  11. Hard Bop and Modal – 1950-60s John Coltrane (1926-1967) Equinox Impressions

  12. Hard Bop and Modal – 1960s Wayne Shorter (1923-) Yes or No (1964)

  13. Straight Ahead (all of the above) • Chris Potter (1971-) The Source (for John Coltrane) Shiva

  14. Straight Ahead (all of the above) • Joe Lovano (1952-) Body and Soul

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