Biology Jeopardy

Biology Jeopardy Cell Structure and Cell Transport Studying Life, Energy Flow, and Cycles of Matter Organic Chemistry Ecology and Populations Labs Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $100 Q $200 Q $200 Q $200 Q $200 Q $200 Q $300 Q $300 Q $300 Q $300 Q $300 Q $400 Q $400 Q $400 Q $400 Q $400 Q $500 Q $500 Q $500 Q $500 Q $500 Final Jeopardy

$100 Question from H1 Create an appropriate graph based on the data

$100 Answer from H1

$200 Question from H1 Briefly summarize the Yeast Populations Lab

$200 Answer from H1 • Used 20mm of molasses solution mixed with 10 drops of yeast suspension into a fermentation tube. • After creating the control set-up previously stated, each individual group created their experimental set-up. • Variables chosen: Absence of light, 6.8 degrees Celsius, 50% dilution of food, covered fermentation tube opening with tape. • Result: 50% dilution of food produced the largest CO2 bubble (average 109mm); 6.8 degrees Celsius produced the smallest (0mm). • Reason for this: Yeast cells did not have the proper nutrients in the other fermentation tubes to perform cell processes.

$300 Question from H1 In terms of the liver enzyme lab, explain how this experiment relates to the following terms: protein, protein structure, enzymes, enzyme-substrate complex, parameters that influence the enzyme substrate complex (Use these terms in your response)

$300 Answer from H1 • The enzyme catalase has such a complex structure of amino acids that it is considered a complex protein • When comparing this lab to the enzyme-substrate complex, the hydrogen peroxide is the substrate and the catalase is the enzyme. • Hydrogen peroxide poured into test tube with crushed liver, substrate interlocks with the enzyme, thus starting the reaction. • Hydrogen peroxide reacts with catalase and releases oxygen in test tube. • Reaction ends, substrate and enzyme “split” apart, causing enzyme to be ready for another substrate to interlock with. • Temperature and acid affected reaction. Higher temperature and more acidic in pH alters the shape of the enzyme preventing it from correctly locking in.

$400 Question from H1 Using information from the apple juice lab, explain why the enzyme pectinase produced more apple juice than the enzyme cellulase.

$400 Answer from H1 • Pectinase- enzyme useful in the extraction of fruit juice from fruits, including apples. (Produced the most apple juice based on various group’s data) • Cellulase- commonly referred to as ‘dietary fiber’ or ‘roughage.’ Cannot be digested by human body.

$500 Question from H1 Using your knowledge gained from the potato tonicity lab (0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6M sucrose solutions), describe why the disease diabetes is related to the principle mechanism of this lab.

$500 Answer from H1 • Insulin produced by the pancreas allows cells to absorb glucose from bloodstream. • No insulin = no absorption of glucose • Bloodstream becomes saturated with glucose- HYPERTONIC ENVIRONMENT. • Cells (red blood cells particularly) exposed to the hypertonic environment loses water to the environment (Type One Diabetes) • Cells die -> tissues die -> organs die -> humans die

$100 Question from H2 Describe the two kinds of population growths, tell which type of graph curve is associated with which, and relate a carrying capacity to each.

$100 Answer from H2 Exponential growth- abundant space, food, few predators, few diseases leads to an increase in population. Ideal conditions and unlimited resources required. J curve. No carrying capacity. Logistical growth- S curve. Grows slowly and then stops at carrying capacity. Limited resources, decreased birth rates, increased death rates, low immigration, high emigration. Carrying capacity applies. Carrying capacity- number of individuals that an environment can support.

$200 Question from H2 What are the characteristics of a population?

$200 Answer from H2 • 3 Characteristis: • Geographic distribution (range) = area inhabited by population • Population density (number of individuals in a particular area) • Population growth rate • Dependent on 3 factors • Births • Deaths • Immigration and Emigration

$300 Question from H2 Define density dependent limiting factors, density independent limiting factors, and human population indicators and give some examples

$300 Answer from H2 Density dependent limiting factors- limiting factors to populations growth dependent on population size. Only become limiting when the population density reaches a certain limit. Ex. competition, predation/prey/ parasitism/disease Density independent limiting factors- Limiting factors that do not depend on population size ex. natural disasters, unusual weather, seasonal cycles, human intervention Human populations- demographic transition- demographic change in birth and death rates. Age structure diagrams- population profiles. Future growth of a human population based on age ranges.

$400 Question from H2 Describe how a mailing address on a letter relates to the hierarchy system of ecology on Earth.

$400 Answer from H2 In a mailing address, there is a house number; the smallest part of the address. This represents a species. The road name expands the single house to multiple houses that live on the same road, which represents a population. The town they all live in is the community because each road is its own population brought together in the same area. The state that is listed is all the towns brought together just like an ecosystem. They country each state is located in would be the biome.

$500 Question from H2 What shapes an Ecosystem? -Describe community interactions, biotic, and abiotic factors. -Describe a niche in an ecosystem

$500 Answer from H2 Biotic Factors- entire living cast of characters with which an organism might interact. Abiotic Factors- climate of area, temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind, nutrients available, soil type, sunlight. Community Interactions: Competition- same or different species attempt to use an ecological resource in the same place at the same time. Predation- predator/prey interaction. One organism captures and feeds on another. Symbiosis- Relationship in which two species live closely together. Mutualism- both species benefit from symbiosis. Commensalism- one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed. Parasitism- One organism lives on or inside another and harms it. Niche -Type of food the organism eats, how it obtains food, which other species use the organism as food, when and how the organism reproduces, conditions that the organism requires to survive.

$100 Question from H3 Identify each of the following structures

$100 Answer from H3 • Steroid • Glucose • Amino Acid

$200 Question from H3 Describe a dehydration synthesis reaction and hydrolysis reaction

$200 Answer from H3 Dehydration synthesis- two or more smaller molecules join together to form a macromolecule. Loss of water. Hydrolysis- Macromolecule breaks up into two or more smaller molecules. Water is gained.

$300 Question from H3 Categorize the following terms into their appropriate categories: Amino Acid Fatty Acid Nucleotide ATP Glucose Phospholipid Cholesterol Glycerol Polysaccharide Cytosine Glycogen RNA Disaccharide Guanine Starch DNA Monosaccharide

$300 Answer from H3 Your Text Here

$400 Question from H3 Describe the enzyme-substrate complex and list two abiotic factors that regulate enzyme activity.

$400 Answer from H3 • Two abiotic factors- temperature and pH. • Enzyme-substrate complex- substrate interacts with catalyst (enzyme) and go through reaction. • Lock-and-key concept. Once reaction is over, substrate leaves, enzyme ready to start process again.

$500 Question from H3 Define the following terms: Carbohydrate Lipid Nucleic Acid Protein

$500 Answer from H3 • Carbohydrate- sugars and starches. CH20- Empirical form. Manufactured in body- obtain from food. Organic compound. Monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide. • Lipid- Essential to cell membranes. 2 times the energy than carbs. Fats, oils, waxes. Fatty acid chains- long carbon chains including a carboxylic group and hydrocarbon tail. • Two kinds- saturated and unsaturated • Saturated- single carbon to carbon bonds. • Unsaturated- double carbon to carbon bonds. • Proteins- workhorse of body. Support structurally. Muscle contraction. Transport insoluble lipids, some hormones, must be bond to a protein. Amino group (NH2) carboxylic acid (COOH group). R variant group as well. Primary structure- sequence of Amino Acids. Secondary structure- alpha helix or beta plated sheets. Tertiary structure- coiling and folding ENZYME. Quaternary structure- interaction of individual polypeptide chains. • Nucleic Acid- In most cells. Composed of nucleotides. 3 parts- 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base. 4 nitrogenous bases- Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine. A-T G-C. DNA and RNA.

$100 Question from H4 Name the differences between plant cells and animal cells.

$100 Answer from H4 • Plant Cells- Cell wall. Small in size. Chloroplasts and vacuoles. No centrioles. In cytokinesis, plant cell forms cell plate in center of the cell in order to split. • Animal Cells- No cell wall. Large in size. No chloroplasts. No vacuoles. Centrioles. In cytokinesis, animal cells pinch and fold cell membrane in order to create the daughter cell.

$200 Question from H4 Identify the scientists and their role in developing the cell theory.

$200 Answer from H4 • Schleiden- all plants are made up of cells. • Schwann- All animals are made of cells • Virchow- all new cells come from pre-existing cells. • Robert Hooke- discovered a porous structure called the cell.

$300 Question from H4 List the organelles and describe their description and function.

$300 Answer from H4

$400 Question from H4 Your Text Here

$500 Question from H4 Your Text Here

$100 Question from H5 List the characteristics that all living things share

$100 Answer from H5 • Living things are made up of units called cells. • Living things reproduce. • Living things are based on a universal genetic code. • Living things grow and develop. • Living things obtain and use materials and energy. • Living things respond to their outside environment. • Living things maintain a stable internal environment. • Taken as a group, living things change over time.

$200 Question from H5 Describe the direction of energy flow in an environment, types of energy processes, and two main groups that produce or consume this energy.

$200 Answer from H5 • Energy flows in one direction • Ex. Sun -> of inorganic compound -> autotroph (producer) -> heterotroph (consumer) • Types of energy processes- photosynthesis, chemosynthesis. • Photosynthesis- autotroph takes in sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water and creates glucose ( Sun E + 6CO2 + 6H20  C6H12O6 +6O2) • Chemosynthesis- take chemicals and turn them into energy. • Autotrophs- producers. Take in energy from sunlight or chemicals to PRODUCE their own food. (First trophic level) • Heterotrophs- Consumers. Organisms dependent on other organisms for energy. Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, detritivores, decomposers (2nd, 3rd, and 4th trophic levels)

$300 Question from H5 Describe the theory of spontaneous generation and the experiments that disproved the theory.

$300 Answer from H5 Spontaneous Generation- the idea that life could arise from nonliving matter. Francesco Redi- Proposed a different hypothesis for the appearance of maggots. Used jars, same type of meat, location, temperature, and time as the controlled variables. Manipulated variables were the gauze covering that keeps flies away from meat. Response- maggots form only when flies come in contact with meat. NO SPONTANEOUS GENERATION. Anton van Leeuwenhoek- animalcules John Needham- Claimed spontaneous generation could occur under the right conditions. Boiled bottle of gravy to kill all living things in the gravy and sealed it. Several days later, bottle was swarming with activity. Lazzaro Spallanzani- Boiled two containers of gravy, sealed on immediately and left the other one open. Sealed jar had no microorganisms, open one teeming with microorganisms. Concluded unsealed jar had offspring of microorganisms. NO SPONTANEOUS GENERATION. Louis Pasteur- Designed a flask that had a long curved neck that remained open to the air. Boiled the broth to kill microorganisms. Waited one year, no microorganisms in broth. Took off curved neck, one day later, microorganisms were in the broth. Showed organisms entered the flask from the air. NO SPONTANEOUS GENERATION.

$400 Question from H5 Describe the two feeding relationships and an ecological pyramid.

$400 Answer from H5 • Food chain- order of smallest organisms to largest and goes in one direction • Food web- a combination of an ecosystem’s food chains. • Ecological pyramids- a diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level (10% of previous level).

$500 Question from H5 Use the following terms to draw or describe the nitrogen cycle: Nitrogen in the atmosphere (N2) Nitrates (NO3-) Nitrites (NO2) Ammonium (NH3) Nitrogen fixing bacteria- legumes Soil Bacteria- Denitrification Decomposers- break down animal wastes

Biology Jeopardy