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Understanding Cellular Respiration: Converting Food into Energy in Three Steps

Cellular respiration is a fundamental process by which our bodies transform food into energy. It occurs in three main stages: Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm and breaks down glucose into pyruvate, yielding 2 ATP without requiring oxygen. The Krebs cycle happens in the mitochondria, producing carbon dioxide and electron carriers, generating 2 additional ATP. Finally, the Electron Transport Chain, located in the mitochondrial inner membrane, utilizes oxygen to produce 34 ATP and water, highlighting the importance of oxygen in efficient energy production.

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Understanding Cellular Respiration: Converting Food into Energy in Three Steps

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  1. Cellular Respiration Food to energy in 3 steps!

  2. Mitochondria

  3. Electron Carriers • A Hydrogen has 1 electron and 1 proton • Gaining a hydrogen means gaining electrons and protons • NAD. NADH • FAD. FADH2 • These can be reused

  4. Why do we need oxygen? • Aerobic=with oxygen • An=without • Anaerobic=without oxygen • Our body needs oxygen to produce large amounts of ATP

  5. Cellular Respiration • Three steps • Glycolysis • Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) • Electron transport chain

  6. Glycolysis • Located in cytoplasm of cell • Input: 1 molecule of Glucose • Product: 2 Pyruvate • 2 ATP • Overview: 1 molecule of Glucose is broken down into 2 Pyruvate molecules. No Oxygen is needed for Glycolysis to occur.

  7. Krebs Cycle • Located: Matrix of Mitochondria • Input: 2 Pyruvate, NAD, FAD • Output: 6 CO2, NADH, FADH2 • Produces 2 ATP • Overview: the 2 Pyruvate are changed into Acetyl COA before entering the Krebs Cycle. The Acetyl is changed into Citric Acid.Electron carriers pick up the extra Hydrogen atoms as the molecule is broken down and moves toward the ETC.

  8. Electron Transport Chain • Located in the innermembrane (Christae) of the mitochondria • Input: NADH, FADH2, O2 • Output: NAD, FAD, H2O • Produces 34 ATP • Overview: the electron carriers donate the hydrogen into enzymes located in the membrane. The electrons move into the membrane while the protons are pushed through the membrane. At the end of the chain the protons push back through an enzyme which powers phosphate to attach to ADP to make ATP.

  9. Cellular Respiration Equation • C6H12O6+O2. H2O+ATP

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