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Exploring Advanced Reproductive Technologies: Cloning, IVF, and Their Impact on Fertility

For centuries, scientists have sought innovative ways to enhance reproduction. This document outlines advanced reproductive technologies, focusing on cloning, including therapeutic and reproductive cloning techniques like artificial embryo twinning and somatic cell nuclear transfer. It also delves into in vitro fertilization (IVF), explaining procedures such as zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Additionally, it examines the implications of these technologies on fertility treatment and genetic manipulation, highlighting both the scientific processes and ethical considerations involved.

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Exploring Advanced Reproductive Technologies: Cloning, IVF, and Their Impact on Fertility

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  1. Sebastian Fernandez and Carlos Andres Mejia New reproductive technology

  2. Introduction For centuries scientists have tried to develop a new way of creating life or of helping fertilization Cloning IVF ACT

  3. Clonation

  4. Cloning • ´´Cloning is the creation of an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another. This means that every single bit of DNA is the same between the two!´´ There are different types of cloning • TherapeuticCloning • ReproductiveCloning DNA Cloning

  5. ReproductiveCloning • Mostknowntype • There are severalmethodsamongwhich are: • Artificial embryotwinning • Somaticcell nuclear transfer

  6. Artificial embryo twinning • Mimics a natural process • Twins occur when a zygote divides into two celled embryo. • Both cells start developing on their own • Artificial process is performed in a lab. Within a Petri dish • Manual separation of the Zygote

  7. Somatic nuclear transfer • This process starts isolating a somatic cell from an adult female. • The nucleus is taken out of the somatic cell • The nucleus is inserted into an egg without nucleus. • Some chemicals are injected in the egg. • Starts behaving as a zygote.

  8. ACT

  9. ACT • Artificial cell technology • Developed in the J. Craig Venterinstitute • Over 15 years of research • A cell structurefilledwithcomputermadegenetic material • Notonlysome genes, but a full genome

  10. IVF

  11. In Vitro Fertilization • The in vitro fertilization is a process where the egg is fertilized out side of the body. • It works removing the egg from ovaries and letting the sperm fertilize it in a laboratory • The zygote is then introduced into the uterus of the carrier • Some of the in vitro fertilization examples are: • Zygote intrafallopian transfer • Intracytoplasmic sperm injection

  12. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection • Treatsmaleinfertilityproblems, oregghyperresistance • It is usedtoguetherwithanothermethodthat is Oocyte (ImmatureOvum) extraction • Usingmicrotools and a microscope, thesperm`stail is cutted and it is insertedintotheoocyte. • Theeggbecomesfertilized and it is insertedinsidethemother.

  13. Zygoteintrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) • Usedwhendueto a defect, the sperm is unabletomeettheegg. • Theprocesstakesabout 5 weeksto complete • Femalemusttake a fertilitymedication • Whenthefollicles are mature HCG isinjected

  14. Zygoteintrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) • 36 hourslatertheeggs are removed bytransvaginalovumretrieval • Theeggisfertilized in thelaboratory • Placed againinsidethewomanthroulaparoscope

  15. Bibliography • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vitro_fertilization • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assisted_reproductive_technology • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenine/ • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_division • http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/cloning.shtml • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atresia • http://www.geneticsandsociety.org/section.php?id=28 • http://www.babycenter.com/0_fertility-treatment-gamete-intrafallopian-transfer-gift_4095.bc • http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/fertility/services/zift.html • http://www.babycenter.com/0_fertility-drugs-for-women_4091.bc • http://www.americanpregnancy.org/infertility/zift.html • http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/cloning/whatiscloning

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