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Understanding Genetics: Impacts on Agriculture and Evolution

The Great Irish Famine in 1845 highlighted how genetics shaped agriculture. Genetics involves the study of alleles, inheritance, and traits. Incomplete dominance and codominance show how two alleles can influence a phenotype differently than homozygous genotypes. Additionally, sex-linked traits derive from chromosomal differences, influencing inheritance patterns. Mutations, whether in body or reproductive cells, introduce changes in DNA, affecting evolution. This exploration dives into the types of mutations and their repercussions on species' adaptation and diversity.

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Understanding Genetics: Impacts on Agriculture and Evolution

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Question!? 3/31 • The Great Irish Famine happened in 1845. How was genetics the issue?

  2. The Results of Genetics Evolution, Natural Selection, Mutants Ag Biology

  3. Incomplete Dominance • Alleles for a trait are not completely dominant/recessive • Heterozygous is a different phenotype than either homozygous genotype • Example:

  4. Incomplete Dominance

  5. Codominance • Both alleles are expressed at the same time • Example: roan cattle

  6. Sex-Linked Traits • Chromosomes determine gender • XX = female • XY = male • The Y chromosome does not carry all the same genes the X chromosome does

  7. Sex-Linked Traits

  8. Sex-Linked Traits

  9. Pedigrees • Visual to represent inheritance of a trait

  10. Question!? 4/3 • If you cross XBXb with XbY How many will show the recessive trait?

  11. Pedigrees

  12. Mutants Mutant: Spiderman Form of Mutation: DNA replacement

  13. Mutants

  14. Mutants

  15. Mutants

  16. Mutants

  17. Mutants

  18. Mutants • Any change in the DNA sequence that also changes the protein it codes for

  19. Mutants • Body Cell Mutation: • Affects the cell it happens in, but not the whole individual • Reproductive Cell Mutation: • Can affect the whole new individual

  20. Mutants • Mutagen • Something that causes mutations • Examples: radiation, chemicals, high temperatures

  21. Mutants • Types of Mutations • Deletion A B C D F G H I • Insertion A B F C D E F G H I • Inversion A B C E D F G H I • Translocation A B F G E C D H I

  22. Mutants • Mutations and Evolution • One aspect of evolutionary theory relies on the idea that new traits are introduced by mutation that benefit individuals so that the trait is passed on to more offspring, until all members of the population have it

  23. Mutants Mutant: Spiderman Form of Mutation: DNA replacement

  24. Mutants Mutant: Wolverine Form of Mutation: Genetic

  25. Mutants Mutant: Hulk Form of Mutation: Mutagen (gamma radiation)

  26. Mutants Mutant: Rafael (TMNT) Form of Mutation: Mutagen (ooze)

  27. Mutants Mutant: Ruby-Red Grapefruit Form of Mutation: Mutagen (irradiation of reproductive cells)

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