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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 1632-1723. Developed microscopes for observing living organisms 1674 discovered protists 1677 discovered spermatozoa 1682 discovered striated muscle fibers. http://students.ou.edu/J/Renee.E.Jones-1/Van%20leeuwenhoek%20Scope.jpg.

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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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  1. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 1632-1723 Developed microscopes for observing living organisms 1674 discovered protists 1677 discovered spermatozoa 1682 discovered striated muscle fibers

  2. http://students.ou.edu/J/Renee.E.Jones-1/Van%20leeuwenhoek%20Scope.jpghttp://students.ou.edu/J/Renee.E.Jones-1/Van%20leeuwenhoek%20Scope.jpg http://cell.sio2.be/introduction/images/microleeuw.jpg http://www.molecularexpressions.com/primer/images/introduction/leeuwenhoek.jpg http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/Physics/Optics/OpticalInstruments/Microscope/GlassSphere/usph_01.gif

  3. http://academic.evergreen.edu/v/vivianoc/homunculus.gif Schematic Human Sperm Cell Homunculus

  4. Human (Homo sapiens) Sperm Photograph

  5. Mammalian Syngamy: Plasmogamy

  6. Calcium release spreading across an egg cell during syngamy

  7. Amphioxus (lancelet) adult, zygote, and early cleavage not to scale!

  8. Amphioxus (lancelet) cleavage

  9. Amphioxus (lancelet) gastrulation and adult not to scale!

  10. Morphogenetic movements of cells during development

  11. Amphioxus (lancelet) nerulation

  12. Origin of some mammalian tissues or organs Primary Tissue Layer Tissue or Organ

  13. Frog (Rana pipiens) embryology

  14. Frog (Rana pipiens) zygote

  15. Frog (Rana pipiens) embryo: early cleavage

  16. Frog (Rana pipiens) embryo: later cleavage

  17. blastodisc Chicken (Gallus gallus) zygote and early cleavage yolk

  18. Chicken (Gallus gallus) gastrulation

  19. Chicken (Gallus gallus) embryo after 4 days of incubation

  20. Human (Homo sapiens) embryo

  21. Human (Homo sapiens) embryo

  22. Human (Homo sapiens) embryo

  23. Human (Homo sapiens) embryo

  24. Comparison of vertebrate embryos of six species at 3 stages Ontogeny recapitulates Phylogeny

  25. Typical sigmoid (S-shaped) growth curve: logistic curve plateau phase log phase Weight lag phase Age

  26. http://www.c-wilkie.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/jokes/images/mouse_sex.gifhttp://www.c-wilkie.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/jokes/images/mouse_sex.gif http://www.sasionline.org/antsfiles/articles/images/Dino/mouse.jpg Weight growth in a mouse (Mus musculus) Puberty 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 Weight in grams Weaning 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Days after birth

  27. 5 feeding 4 3 2 1 Weight growth in an insect (Malanoplus) with 5 molts adult Sudden increase when body lacks exoskeleton (soft shell crab) 150 100 50 Weight (mg) Nymphal instars: zygote 0 20 40 60 Age in days How does weight increase suddenly when not feeding?

  28. Why does the curve inflect here? Differential growth in weight of the Homo sapiens body and its parts 20 15 10 5 Body Does growth continue indefinitely? Heart Multiples of weight at birth Brain 0 5 10 15 20 Age in years

  29. Average decline in a Homo sapiens from age 30 to 75 years

  30. gastrula benthic adult http://alpha2.bigelow.org/mitzi/images/library/subtidal%20animals/Sub-An-B_039.jpg http://www.cbu.edu/~aross/embryo/s-gastrula-2.jpg brachiolaria bipinnaria http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/biog105/labs/deuts/media/echinowatervasc.jpg http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/bmedia/oursinMDC/coursours3/bipinn2leg.gif http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/olympusmicd/galleries/brightfield/images/starfishbrachiolarialarva.jpg Three larval stages and a sea star adult (Asterias vulgaris) planktonic larvae

  31. Monarch butterfly complete metamorphosis: zygote (“egg”) http://www.monarchwatch.org/update/2003/egg_glue1.jpg Danaus plexippus

  32. Monarch butterfly complete metamorphosis: larva Danaus plexippus

  33. Monarch butterfly complete metamorphosis: larva Danaus plexippus

  34. Monarch butterfly complete metamorphosis: larva Danaus plexippus

  35. Monarch butterfly complete metamorphosis: pupa Danaus plexippus

  36. Monarch butterfly complete metamorphosis: adult Danaus plexippus

  37. Monarch butterfly complete metamorphosis: adult Danaus plexippus

  38. zygote Incomplete (gradual) metamorphosis in grasshoppers Brachystola magna http://www.ent.iastate.edu/images/orthoptera/lubber.jpg

  39. Relative DNA repair rate among mammals 100 (Homo sapiens) Human (Loxodonta africana) Elephant (Bos taurus) Cattle 10 Life span in years (log scale) Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Mouse (Mus musculus) Shrew (Suncus murinus) 1 Relative rate of DNA repair

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