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Greek Art 2:. Transitional, Classical, and Hellenistic. How is sculpture evolving once again?. Kroisos Boy. Kritios Boy. Kritios Boy. Delphi Charioteer. Looks calm and in control. No smile. Straight folds resemble a column. Bronze.
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Greek Art 2: • Transitional, Classical, and Hellenistic
How is sculpture evolving once again? Kroisos Boy Kritios Boy
Delphi Charioteer • Looks calm and in control. No smile. • Straight folds resemble a column. • Bronze. • Idealized, yet especially hands and feet very realistic.
Riace Warrior • Fairly recently discovered off the coast of Greece. Thrown into ocean to keep it from the Romans. Pearl divers thought it was a murdered body.
Discus Thrower by Myron • Snapshot of a moment. The climax of the action. • Body tensed and ready to spring, yet the face is completely calm. • Unrealistic pose. • Needs supports for the marble. Originally done in bronze.
Classical Architecture The Acropolis, Athens
Brief History • Persians came and conquered Athens. Destroyed the previous temple to Athena. So Pericles commissioned it to be rebuilt. Architects were Ictinus and Kallikrates. Sculptor was Phidias. • Symbolized glory of Athens. 22,000 tons of marble were shipped from quarries 10 miles away. • Third century A.D. it fell into disrepair. Later, the Erectheion became a Christian church, then a Turkish harem. Parthenon became a Christian church, then a mosque. • In 1687, the Ottomons were using it to store gunpowder. A shell struck and the gunpowder exploded, destroying the cella and many columns as well as sculptures. It lay in ruins for years and years until it was restored.
Love of Nature • Sites are placed on top of a mountain. Not only was this smart defensively, but it emphasized their love of nature. • All the way up, you only see pieces. Gardens and paths leading up. View nature on the way to the top. Once on the top, great view of nature all around.
The Parthenon • Work started around 490 B.C. and was completed in 438 B.C. Sculptures finished in 432 B.C. • All of the sculpture was designed and administered, and much of it was done, by Phidias. Despite many artists contributing, Phidias’s vision unifies it. • Has 46 columns. 8 on each end and 17 on the sides.
Optical Illusions • Golden Mean • Entasis • Architrave and Stylobate raised two inches. • Supposed to be viewed as a monument, not a great stone box.
Pedimental Sculpture Three Goddesses Sculpture was completely in the round and then attached by metal pins. That is one of the only ways we know where remaining sculptures fit into the pediment.
Metope of the Parthenon • Doric frieze on the exterior of the Parthenon was decorated with 92 metope reliefs, 14 on each end and 32 on the sides. • Depict legendary battles, to commemorate Athenians victory over Persians. Lapith Fighting a Centaur
The Processional • Located on the frieze of the inner building. Wraps all the way around, 525 feet of sculpture. Shows the Panathenaic procession that occurred every year. Depicts Athenians, rather than gods. Some feared this arrogance would incur the wrath of the gods.
Parthenon Athena • Made of wooden core. Face and hands are ivory. Clothing and headdress are gold. 2500 pounds of gold in this statue. Gold was ripped off by a general in 250 B.C. to pay his troops. Possibly lost to fire. • Nike is shown (wings) with her. • This is from the replica of the Parthenon in Nashville, Tennessee.
Propylaea • Entrance into the Acropolis. Massive Doric gateway. Not so much its own building, more of a grand entrance.
Erectheum/Erectheion • Housed many shrines. • Asymmetrical design. Different functions and uneven terrain. • Porch of the Maidens. Beautifully and gracefully support the building as columns.
Temple of Athena Nike • Nike is the Goddess of Victory. Athena was worshipped in this form, as the Goddess of victory. First Ionic temple on the Acropolis. Athenians would worship there, especially when they were about to go into battle, hoping for a victory.
Nike Fastening Her Sandle • Found in the temple of Athena Nike. Very revealing drapery. Masterful carving.
Hermes and Dionysus • by Praxiteles
Spear Bearer/ Doryphorosby Polykleitos Perfectly calm. Classic calm. Polykleitos developed a human canon. He made this sculpture to exemplify this canon.
The Scraper • by Lysippos
Aphrodite of Knidos by Praxiteles
Alexander the Great • Quite remarkable young man that took over the whole world. He defeated the Persians, the Egyptians, the Lydians. He conquered from Macedonia into the reaches of India. When he died, his generals wanted the spoils. Three generals rose: Ptolemy (Egypt), Antigonus (Macedonia and Greece), and Seleucus (Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, and Persia.) They spread Greek art throughout the world. Also, the world is incorporated into Greek art.
Winged Victory • Nike of Samothrace What about this sculpture is different than Classical sculpture? What is the evolution coming to now?
Venus de Milo Not all Hellenistic artists liked the new changes. This artist has returned to Classical sculpture. It looks almost like Praxiteles’ Aphrodite.
What differences do you see between Classical and Hellenistic? Dying Gaul Old Market Woman
Laocoon • From the Altar of Zeus
Altar of Zeus • What is different about this and other temples?
Theater of Epidaurus • More personal. Stage and Orchestra.
