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The Income Statement and the Statement of Stockholders’ Equity

The Income Statement and the Statement of Stockholders’ Equity. Chapter 11. Learning Objective 1. Analyze a complex income statement. Allied Electronics Corporation Income Statement Year Ended December 31, 20x5. Sales revenue $500,000 Cost of goods sold –240,000

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The Income Statement and the Statement of Stockholders’ Equity

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  1. The Income Statement and the Statement of Stockholders’ Equity Chapter 11

  2. Learning Objective 1 Analyze a complex income statement.

  3. Allied Electronics Corporation Income Statement Year Ended December 31, 20x5 Sales revenue $500,000 Cost of goods sold –240,000 Gross margin $260,000 Operating expenses 181,000 Operating income $ 79,000 Income Statement - Continuing Operations

  4. Income Statement - Continuing Operations Operating income $79,000 Other gains (losses): Loss on restructuring operations ( 8,000) Gain on sale of machinery 19,000 Income from continuing operations before income tax $90,000 Income tax expense 36,000 Income from continuing operations $54,000

  5. Income Statement - Special Items Discontinued operations: $35,000, less income tax of $14,000 21,000 Income before extraordinary items and cumulative effect of change in depreciation method $75,000 Extraordinaryflood loss, $20,000, less income tax savings of $8,000 (12,000) Cumulative effect of change in depreciation method, $10,000, less income tax of $4,000 6,000 Net income $69,000

  6. Income Statement - Earnings per Share Earnings per share of common stock (20,000 shares outstanding): Income from continuous operations $2.70 Income from discontinued operations 1.05 Income before extraordinary item and cumulative effect of change in depreciation method $3.75 Extraordinary loss (0.60) Cumulative effect of change in depreciation method 0.30 Net income $3.45

  7. Continuing Operations • The company restructured operations at a loss of $8,000. • Report as “Other” item – part of continuing operations, but falls outside of main business endeavor

  8. Continuing Operations • Investment capitalization rate – used to estimate the value of an investment in the capital stock of another company

  9. Continuing Operations Assume an interest rate (i) of 12% to valuate Allied. Estimated value of Allied Electronics common stock = Estimated annual income in the future ÷ Investment capitalization rate = $54,000 ÷ 0.12 = $450,000

  10. Continuing Operations Current market value of the company = # of shares of common stock outstanding × Current market price per share = × $513,000 $4.75 108,000 ©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Financial Accounting, 6/e Harrison/Horngren

  11. Continuing Operations:Investment Decision Decision Rule: Estimated value > market value? BUY Estimated value = market value? HOLD Estimated value < market value? SELL In the Allied Electronics case: Estimated value of the company $450,000 < Current market value $513,000 Sell the stock

  12. = Estimated annual earnings per share ÷ Investment capitalization rate Continuing Operations:Investment Decision Estimated value of one share of common stock

  13. Irregular Items • Discontinued operations • Extraordinary items • Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

  14. Discontinued Operations • Segment – identifiable division of a company

  15. Extraordinary Items • Unusual for the company and infrequent • Losses due to natural disasters • Expropriations • Exception • Material gains/losses from extinguishment of debt (to be reported as extraordinary item)

  16. Cumulative Effect of a Change in Accounting Principle • From double-declining-balance (DBB) to straight-line depreciation • From first-in, first-out (FIFO) to weighted-average cost for inventory • Report in a special section of the income statement after extraordinary items

  17. Earnings per Shareof Common Stock (Net Income – Preferred Dividends) ÷ Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding = Earnings per Share

  18. Earnings per Shareof Common Stock • Requiredto be disclosed on the income statement for all major sections • Earnings per share issubject to dilution (reduction), if issue of additional shares is possible in the future

  19. Comprehensive Income • Change in total stockholders’ equity from all sources other than from owners of the business • Includes net income plus unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale investments and foreign-currency translation adjustments

  20. Statement ofComprehensive Income Net income $69,000 Other comprehensive income: Unrealized gain on investment $ 6,500 Less income tax (40%) 2,600 3,900 Foreign-currency translation adjustment (loss) $(9,000) Less income tax (40%) 3,600 ( 5,400) Comprehensive income $67,500 ©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Financial Accounting, 6/e Harrison/Horngren

  21. Learning Objective 2 Account for a corporation’s income tax.

  22. Accounting for CorporateIncome Taxes • Income tax expense – expense on income statement • Income tax payable – liability on balance sheet

  23. Income tax expense = Income before income tax (from the income statement) × Income tax rate Income tax payable = Taxable income (from the incometax return filed with the IRS) × Income tax rate Accounting for CorporateIncome Taxes In general, income tax expense and income tax payable can be computed as follows:

  24. Accounting for CorporateIncome Taxes • Suppose for 20x5, Nike, Inc., has pretax accounting income of $900 million on the income statement. • Taxable income is $800 million on the company’s income tax return. • The tax rate is 40%.

  25. Accounting for CorporateIncome Taxes Dec 31Income Tax Expense ($900 x .40) 360 Income Tax Payable ($800 x .40) 320 Deferred Tax Liability 40 Recorded income tax for the year ©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Financial Accounting, 6/e Harrison/Horngren

  26. Accounting for CorporateIncome Taxes Income statement Income before income tax $900 Income tax expense 360 Net income $540 Balance sheet Current Liabilities: Income tax payable $320 Long-term liabilities: Deferred tax liability 40* Total $360 *Assumes beginning tax liability was zero.

  27. Prior-Period Adjustments • Corrections to the beginning balance of Retained Earnings for errors of an earlier period

  28. CNN Corporation Statement of Retained Earnings Year Ended December 31, 2005 Retained Earnings, Dec. 31, 2004 (original) $390,000 Prior-period adjustment – debit to correct error in recording income tax expense of 2004 ( 10,000) Retained earnings, Dec. 31, 2004, adjusted $380,000 Net income for 2005 114,000 Total $494,000 Deduct: Dividends for 2005 ( 41,000) Retained earnings balance, Dec. 31, 2005 $453,000 Reporting a Prior-Period Adjustment ©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Financial Accounting, 6/e Harrison/Horngren

  29. Restrictions on Retained Earnings • Dividends and purchases of treasury stock require payments by the corporation to its stockholders • Creditors may restrict a corporation’s dividend payments and treasury stock purchases • Companies report any retained earnings restrictions in notes to the financial statements

  30. Learning Objective 3 Analyze a statement of stockholders’ equity.

  31. Analyzing the Statement of Stockholder’s Equity ©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Financial Accounting, 6/e Harrison/Horngren

  32. Analyzing the Statement of Stockholder’s Equity

  33. Learning Objective 4 Understand managers’ and auditors’ responsibilities for the financial statements.

  34. Responsibility for theFinancial Statements • Management • issues a statement of responsibility with financial statements • declares responsibility for financial statements and states that they conform to GAAP

  35. Auditor Report Typically contains three paragraphs: • Identifies the audited financial statements • Describes how the audit was performed • States the auditor’s opinion -financial statements conform to GAAP and people can rely on them for decision making

  36. Auditor Report • Unqualified (Clean) • Qualified • Adverse • Disclaimer

  37. End of Chapter 11

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