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NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING

NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING. Why Is Natural Language Important ?. The most convenient way of representing most of the information is natural language. Language is vital both to our business activities and to our administration.

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NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING

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  1. NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING

  2. Why Is Natural Language Important ? • The most convenient way of representing most of the information is natural language. Language is vital both to our business activities and to our administration. • It is also very important in many of the social, cultural and political aspects of our lives. • In some sense, natural language is at the center of human intelligence. It is a unique & powerful ability humans have. • “Windows into our thoughts”. Observable phenomena which gives us a clue to what’s going on in our mind.

  3. What Is Artificial Intelligence ? • It is the science & engg. of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. • It is related to the similar task of using computers to understand human intelligence.

  4. Applications Of AI • Game Playing • Speech Recognition • Neural Networks • Robotics

  5. What Is NLP ? NLP means to design, & build a s/w that will analyze, understand, & generate languages that humans use naturally. “Flying planescan be dangerous”.

  6. Depending on the application of technology, not all these components are needed.

  7. How NLP Works ? • Morphological Analysis • Syntactic Analysis • Semantic Analysis • Discourse Integration • Pragmatic Analysis

  8. Morphological Analysis morpheme- smaller units of grammar. Two kinds of morphemes: • Unbound-which are meaningful on their own. e.g. schoolyard = “school” + “yard” • Bound – which have meaning when combined with another morpheme. e.g. morpheme = “morph” + “eme”.

  9. S / \ / \ NP VP | / \ PRO V S | | / \ I want NP VP | / \ PRO V NP | | / \ I print ADJS NP | / \ Bill’s ADJS N | | .init file Semantic Analysis “I want to print Bill’s .init file”.

  10. Semantic analysis The sentence “colorless green ideas sleep furiously” would be rejected because it is semantically anomalous.

  11. Discourse Integration For example: In the sentence “John wanted it”, the word “it” depends on the prior discourse context,while the word “John” may influence the meaning of the later sentences.

  12. Pragmatic Analysis Example: The sentence “do you know what time it is ?” should beinterpreted as a request to be told the time.

  13. An Example Of NLP system ELIZA

  14. Benefits Of NLP • Reduces stress in “hands-busy” and “eyes-busy” situation. • Better communication with foreign business partners. • Wide accessibility of information through easier use of computer systems and information services. • Enhanced ability to complete global market. • Better filtering of information when we need it. • More effective international co-oporation. • More opportunities to educate ourselves at our convenience.

  15. Limitations Of NLP • Ambiguity • NLP is not always the most natural way to communicate. Sometimes it is easier to point and click with a mouse to express an idea. For example, “sum thatcolumn of the spread-sheet”.

  16. Applications Of NLP • Machine Translation • Database Access • Information Retrieval(IR) • Text Categorization • Extracting data from text

  17. Machine Translation • 20,000 to 100,000 words (lexicons) • 100 to 10,000 grammar rules

  18. Database Access • LUNAR system– which gives answers to the questions about the chemical analysis data of lunar rock and soil samples brought back by the Apollo mission. • CHAT system-- Q:Which countries are bordered by two seas? A: Egypt, Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia and Turkey. Q:What are the countries from which river flows into the Black Sea? A: Romania, Soviet Union.

  19. Extracting data from text PILLISBURY SURGED 3 3-4 TO 62 IN BIG BOARD COMPOSITE TRADING OF 3.1 MILLION SHARES AFTER BRITAIN’S GRAND METROPOLITAN RAISED ITS HOSTILE TENDER AFTER BY $3 A SHARE TO $63. THE COMPANY PROMPTLY REJECTED THE SWEETENED BID, WHICH CAME AFTER THE TWO SIDES COULD NOT AGREE TO A HIGHER AFTER ON FRIENDLY TERMS OVER THE WEEKEND. Crop-Takeover-core: Sub event: Increased offer, Rejected offer Type: Hostile Target: Pillsbury Suitor: Grand Metropolitan Share-Price: 63 Stock-Exchange: NYSE Volume: 3.1M Effect-On-Stock: (Up Increment: 3 3-4 To : 62)

  20. CONCLUSION By the complete implementation of NLP system, at many places our work will be easier. By just our natural language we can direct the robot, can also do conversation with computer and there is a no need of a person to work as a translator for the conversation between two persons who don’t know any common language. Still current program have not reached this level but they may do so very soon.

  21. THANKS

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