“Myths are dreams of the race Dreams are the myths of the individual”

1. “Myths are dreams of the race Dreams are the myths of the individual”

2. Star Wars Harry Potter Lord of the Rings Indiana Jones The Lion King The Wizard of Oz X-Men The Matrix Batman The Incredibles King Arthur Superman The Terminator The Natural Braveheart Alice in Wonderland Hercules Gladiator Aladdin Spiderman Robin Hood Theseus/Perseus/Jason Kung Fu Panda Movies/Stories you should know

3. The Collective Unconscious • Carl Jung ( 1875 – 1961) developed idea of the “collective unconscious” • Each person has in their unconscious a racial memory, linking him or her to the rest of humanity, and Jung felt that myths come from this collective unconsciousness. • Within this collective memory are “archetypes”

4. ARCHETYPES • The term archetype can be applied to: · An image · A theme · A symbol · An idea · A character type · A plot pattern

5. Archetype • The original pattern or model on which all things of the same kind are copied or on which they are based • Myths are the conscious manifestation of these archetypes • These archetypes link myths and legends across cultures, and across time • Example: The Wicked Witch, Prince Charming

6. Archetypes • Types of Archetypal Journeys • The quest for identity • 2. The epic journey to find the promised land • The quest for vengeance • The warrior’s journey to save his people • The search for love (to rescue the princess/damsel in distress)

7. Types of Archetypal Journeys 6. The journey in search of knowledge 7. The tragic quest: penance or self-denial • The fool’s errand • The quest to rid the land of danger • The grail quest (the quest for human perfection)

8. Joseph Campbell(1904 – 1987) American writer on mythology and comparative Religions In his book "The Hero with a Thousand Faces", Campbell identified the underlying patterns in myths, stories, and the spiritual traditions. 

9. Heroic Archetypes 1. Warrior (Odysseus): A near god-like hero faces physical challenges and external enemies 2. Lover (Prince Charming): A pure love motivate hero to complete his quest 3. Scapegoat: Hero suffers for the sake of others 4. Transcendent Hero: The hero of tragedy whose fatal flaw brings about his downfall, but not without achieving some kind of transforming realization or wisdom (Greek and Shakespearean tragedies—Oedipus, Hamlet, Macbeth, etc.) 5. Romantic/Gothic Hero: Hero/lover with a decidedly dark side (Mr. Rochester in Jane Eyre) 6. Proto-Feminist Hero: Female heroes (The Awakening by Kate Chopin) 7. Apocalyptic Hero: Hero who faces the possible destruction of society 8. Anti-Hero: A non-hero, given the vocation of failure, frequently humorous (Homer Simpson) 9. Defiant Anti-Hero: Opposer of society’s definition of heroism/goodness. (Heart of Darkness) 10. Unbalanced Hero: The Protagonist who has (or must pretend to have) mental or emotional deficiencies (Hamlet, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest) 11. The Other—the Denied Hero: The protagonist whose status or essential otherness makes heroism possible (Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison, The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan) 12. The Superhero: Exaggerates the normal proportions of humanity; frequently has divine or supernatural origins. In some sense, the superhero is one apart, someone who does not quite belong, but who is nonetheless needed by society. (Mythological heroes, Superman)

10. The Hero’s Journey “ A hero ventures forth from the world of common day into a region of supernatural wonder: fabulous forces are there encountered and a decisive victory is won: the hero comes back from this mysterious adventure with the power to bestow boons on his fellow man” • Joseph Campbell “The Hero With a Thousand Faces”

11. “I think emotionally, we haven’t changed much in 2,000 or 3,000 years.” “We retain “deep seated feelings about family, our place in society, and that’s why people relate to it (Star Wars).” George Lucas, creator of “Star Wars”

13. The Pattern of Human Experience • But The Hero's Journey isn't just a pattern from myth. • It's the pattern of life, growth and experience -- for all of us. • We see it reflected everywhere, from a TV comedy to the great works of literature to the experiences in our own lives.

14. The Hero’s Journey • Part One: Departure • Part Two: Initiation • Part Three: Return

15. PART I: Innocence

16. The Hero • The hero is naïve and inexperienced, but often shows promise and individuality

17. Home Culture The protagonist has a home, a place that he or she thinks is normal, familiar, and common to his or her culture.

18. The Call to Adventure • The point in the person (hero’s ) life when they are first given notice that everything is going to change, whether they like it or not. • Call to adventure can come in many forms, and is sometimes brought by a herald

19. The Call to Adventure “Help me Obi Wan, you’re my only hope.” Star Wars: Episode IV A New Hope

20. The Call to Adventure “Follow the white Rabbit” The Matrix

21. The Call to Adventure Letter of acceptance to Hogwarts: Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone

22. The Call to Adventure Odysseus mocking Polyphemus, the son of Poseidon.

23. The Refusal of the Call "In many stories, the hero initially refuses the call to adventure. When this happens, the hero suffers somehow, and eventually chooses the quest." This may be from a sense of duty or obligation, fear, insecurity, a sense of inadequacy, or any of a range of reasons that work to hold the person in his or her current circumstances.

24. Supernatural Aid The inexperienced hero is provided with a supernatural, guiding and/or guarding character, or an instrumental item (sword, ring, etc.) to assist his or her journey into the unknown Known as the “Guide,” “Wise Man”

25. The Wise and Helpful Guide

26. The Wise and Helpful Guide

27. Magical Talisman A special weapon or charm to ward off evil

28. Hero Partners Hero may begin adventure alone, but may meet “partners” who will accompany him.

29. Part II : Initiation

30. Crossing the Threshold 1st step of the journey • This is the point where the person actually crosses into the field of adventure, leaving the known limits of his or her world and venturing into an unknown and dangerous realm where the rules and limits are not known. Leaves the known limits of his or her world and ventures into an unknown and dangerous realm region

31. Threshold Guardians • Often the hero must pass by or through some type of guardians • These guardians may be firm or fearsome, and they measure the hero’s readiness for the journey

32. The Belly of the Beast • Represents the final separation from the hero’s known world and self • Can often be the hero’s lowest point • Exit from the beast can symbolize rebirth-beginning of hero’s transformation • Examples: Matrix The Hobbit Pinocchio Star Wars

33. PART III: Chaos

34. The Road of Trials • A series of tasks, tests, or ordeals that the hero must undergo to begin the transformation. • Often the person fails one or more of these tasks, which often occur in threes. Examples: Harry Potter

35. The Meeting With the Goddess • This symbolizes the hero’s facing the opposing forces in his/her life. • It is essentially when the hero is no longer at odds with themselves. • The goddess symbolizes the other half of the hero that must be overcome, paid attention to, or come to terms with. • The goddess may be a mother, sister, lover, wife… even an actual goddess

37. Rambo and Co Bao from “Rambo” Frodo and Galadriel from “The Fellowship of the Ring” Indiana Jones and Miriam Ravenwood from “Raiders of the Lost Ark”

38. Losing the Guide The Wise and Helpful Guide can take the hero only so far The hero must continue alone, and grow without his or her mentor Examples: Lord of the Rings Star Wars Lion King

39. Atonement with the Father • The hero must confront and be initiated by whatever holds the ultimate power in his or her life • In many myths this is the father, or father figure who has life and death power • This is the center point of the journey.

40. Luke Skywalker faces his father Darth Vader in “The Return of the Jedi”

41. Luke helps Anakin redeem himself. “I am your father! “I am your father!

42. Apotheosis To apotheosize is to deify(make god-like) When someone dies a physical death, or dies in spirit, he or she moves beyond a state of divine knowledge, love, compassion, and bliss The hero is now willing to accept what is required of him/her and complete the mission This is a god-like state; the person is in heaven and beyond all strife. A more mundane way of looking at this step is that it is a period of rest, peace and fulfillment before the hero begins the return.

43. Apotheosis Gandalf the grey “dies”… and becomes… …Gandalf the White

44. The Ultimate Boon • The achievement of the goal • All the previous steps serve to prepare and purify the person for this step • Destroying the Death Star • Defeating the Joker • Destroying the OmniDroid

46. PART IV: Resolution or Acceptance

47. Refusal of the Return • Not actually a true refusal • Hero has a difficult transition returning to a “normal” life with new abilities and knowledge • Harry Potter (The Dursleys) • Lord of the Rings (Frodo) • The Incredibles

48. Master of Two Worlds • "Once the final threshold is crossed, the hero is now free to move back and forth between the two worlds at will. He has mastered the conflicting psychological forces of the mind." • Often represented by a transcendental “hero” such as Buddah • Harry Potter - Wizards vsMuggles • Tarzan - Jungle vs. Civilization • Luke Skywalker - Jedi vs. “regular” world • Batman - Bruce Wayne vs. Batman