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8.0 Magnitude Earthquake Near Samoa ( 2009)

8.0 Magnitude Earthquake Near Samoa ( 2009). Reading for next Wednesday – Chapter 7 (all) Homework 6 – Due WEDNESDAY 10/1/14 Chapter 6 #s 8, 10, 12, 22, 26, 30, 32, 34, 36, 48, 50, 54, 58, 60, 63, 64, 71-74 (all ) ( only chap 6 assignment ) Homework 7.1 – Due Monday 10/6/14

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8.0 Magnitude Earthquake Near Samoa ( 2009)

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  1. 8.0 Magnitude Earthquake Near Samoa (2009) • Reading for next Wednesday – Chapter 7 (all) • Homework 6 – Due WEDNESDAY 10/1/14 • Chapter 6 #s 8, 10, 12, 22, 26, 30, 32, 34, 36, 48, 50, 54, 58, 60, 63, 64, 71-74 (all) (only chap 6 assignment) • Homework 7.1 – Due Monday 10/6/14 • Chapter 7 #s 1-8 (all), 13-29 (all), 31-39 (all), 41-44 (all) • Homework 7.2 – Due Wednesday 10/8/14 • Chapter 7 #s 45-56 (all), 58, 61, 62, 71, 72, 74

  2. Classification of Ions • Below is a flow chart for the classification of ions.

  3. Monoatomic Cations • Metal atoms can lose valence electrons and become positively charged cations. • Cations are named for the parent atom followed by the word “ion.” • Na+ is named “sodium ion” • Al3+ is named “aluminum ion”

  4. Metals That Form Multiple Ions • If a metal can form more than one cation, it is named for the parent, followed by the charge in Roman numerals in parentheses, followed by the word “ion.” • Fe2+ is the iron(II) ion • Fe3+ is the iron(III) ion

  5. Monoatomic Anions • Nonmetals can gain valence electrons and become negatively charged anions. • Monoatomic anions are named by dropping the end of the element name and adding the suffix –ide. • Br- is the bromide ion • O2- is the oxide ion • N3- is the nitride ion

  6. Did you get it? Element Valence e- Ion charge Ion name iodine 7 -1 iodide aluminum 3 +3 aluminum ion phosphorus 5 -3 phosphide barium 2 +2 barium ion

  7. 2+ Be Summary of Ions (the letters) Monatomic ions • Some charges can be predicted based on group number

  8. Summary of Ions (the letters) Monatomic ions • Some charges can be predicted based on group number • Cation name is the same as element name with ion added element: zinc (Zn) ion: zinc ion (Zn2+) element: cesium (Cs) ion: cesium ion (Cs+) • Anion name changes ending of element name to ide element: nitrogen (N) ion: nitride (N3-) element: iodine (I) ion: iodide (I-)

  9. Summary of Ions (the letters) Poly atomic ion Poly: more than one or many atomic: atoms ion: a positively or negatively charged particle Almost always anions (three exceptions) ammonium -- NH4+ mercury (I) -- Hg22+ hydronium – H3O+

  10. Summary of Ions (the letters) Variable Oxidation State metals • Charge can NOT be predicted based on periodic table (ALMOST) ANYTHING IN HERE CAN BE A VOS

  11. Summary of Ions (the letters) Variable Oxidation State metals • Charge can NOT be predicted based on periodic table • Can assume multiple ion charges non VOS metal – potassium ion = K+ VOS metal – lead ion = Pb2+ or Pb4+ • The charge of VOS metals MUST be indicated in the name with the use of roman numerals Pb2+ = lead (II) ion Pb4+ = lead (IV) ion

  12. Summary of Ions (the letters) Practice: Give the name of the ION of each of these elements rubidium oxygen cadmium carbon rubidium ion oxide cadmium ion carbide selenium phosphorus fluorine lithium selenide phosphide fluoride lithium ion

  13. Summary of Ions (the letters) Practice: Give the name OR symbol for these ions: tin (II) ion S2- Fe3+ copper (I) ion Sn2+ sulfide iron (III) ion Cu+ Mg2+ bromide Mn4+ Ag+ magnesium ion Br- manganese (IV) ion silver ion

  14. Na F

  15. Na F

  16. Na Na+ F F- sodium ion fluoride ion fluoride ion

  17. Let’s bond Bond: • Ionic • Ionic: Pertaining to or occurring in the form of ions • Bond: something that binds, fastens, confines, or holds together • Must be both a cation and an anion present • Total charge is zero

  18. Let’s bond • Formula Unit: • An individual unit formed by the union of two or more ions (huh?)

  19. Formula Unit

  20. Ca Ca2+ Cl- Cl Cl- Cl chlorine chloride formula unit made up of 1 Ca2+ and 2 Cl- CaCl2

  21. Nomenclature (the words)

  22. Nomenclature (the words) • Ionic Compounds • MUST contain either a metal or ammonium (NH4+) • MUST be neutral (no overall charge) Ionic Compounds: NaCl (NH4)2SO3 Al(NO3)3 NOT Ionic Compounds: CO2 HPO42- PCl3

  23. Nomenclature (the words)

  24. Nomenclature (the words) • Molecular Compounds • MUST contain only nonmetals • MUST be neutral (no overall charge) P2Br5 C6H12O6 NH3 Molecular Compounds: AlCl3 SO42- NH4NO3 NOT Molecular Compounds:

  25. Nomenclature (the words)

  26. Nomenclature (the words) • Aqueous Acids • MUST begin with at least one hydrogen • MUST end with a subscript (aq) • MUST be neutral (no overall charge) Aqueous Acids: H3AsO4(aq) HC2H3O2(aq) HF(aq) NOT Aqueous Acids: LiBr(aq) HCl NH3(aq) HCl(aq)

  27. Nomenclature (the words) Practice: State whether these are ionic, molecular, or an acid HC7H6O3(aq) Zn3P2 (NH4)2Se(aq) CCl4 acid ionic ionic molecular HBr(aq) CH2I2 H2CrO4(aq) SrO acid molecular acid ionic

  28. Nomenclature (the words)

  29. Ionic Nomenclature (the words) name to formula Step 1: write the symbol for each ion Step 2: find the least common multiple of the charges Step 3: figure out how many of each ion you need Step 4: write the formula Note: if you need more than one polyatomic ion, you MUST use parenthesis around it!!!

  30. Ionic Nomenclature (the words) formula to name non-VOS cation VOS cation 1) Write the name of the cation 1) Write the name of the cation 1a) Figure out the roman numeral! 2) Write the name of the anion 2) Write the name of the anion 3) The End 3) The End

  31. Ionic Nomenclature (the words) formula to name non-VOS cation VOS cation 1) Write the name of the cation 1) Write the name of the cation 1a) Figure out the roman numeral!

  32. Bi3N5 bismuth (V) (V) nitride Total cation charges + total anion charges = 0 Bi N3- N3- N3- Bi N3- N3- Bi N3- 3x + -15 = 0 x = 5 = oxidation state of Bi

  33. NiTeO4 nickel (II) (II) telurate Total cation charges + total anion charges = 0 Ni TeO42- TeO42- x + -2 = 0 x = 2 = oxidation state of Ni

  34. Co2(CO3)3 cobalt (III) (III) carbonate Total cation charges + total anion charges = 0 CO32- CO32- Co CO32- Co CO32- 2x + -6 = 0 x = 3 = oxidation state of Co

  35. Pb(CrO4)2 lead (IV) (IV) chromate Total cation charges + total anion charges = 0 CrO42- CrO42- Pb CrO42- 1x + -4 = 0 x = 4 = oxidation state of Pb

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