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DEVELOPMENT OF CANINE MODEL FOR THE STUDY OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA

DEVELOPMENT OF CANINE MODEL FOR THE STUDY OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA. Hamza Osto Liliya Goroshko Geeta  Venkatesh with Dr. Osamah Rawashdeh Dr. Robert Hammond . 6/26/09. Outline. Sleep apnea basics Current treatments for obstructive sleep apnea SIBHI Project goals of Summer 2009

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DEVELOPMENT OF CANINE MODEL FOR THE STUDY OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA

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  1. DEVELOPMENT OF CANINE MODEL FOR THE STUDY OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA Hamza Osto Liliya Goroshko Geeta  Venkateshwith Dr. Osamah Rawashdeh Dr. Robert Hammond 6/26/09

  2. Outline • Sleep apnea basics • Current treatments for obstructive sleep apnea • SIBHI Project goals of Summer 2009 • Options for Detecting Sleep Stage • Current Status • References

  3. What is Sleep Apnea? Sleep apnea is a disorder characterized by a reduction or cessation (pause of breathing, airflow) during sleep. Three types of apnea • Central sleep apnea • Mixed sleep apnea • Obstructive sleep apnea

  4. Central and Mixed sleep apnea • Central Sleep Apnea • Breathing starts and stops throughout night • brain doesn't send proper signals to the muscles that control your breathing • Mixed Sleep Apnea • a transition from central to obstructive features during the events themselves • Very rare

  5. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) • Muscles and tissues in rear of throat collapse • Complete/partial obstruction of airway • 84% of people with sleep apnea have OSA

  6. Factors Contributing to OSA The occurrence of obstruction is depends not only to deep stage of sleep and the resulting relaxation, but also due to • Obesity-Fat deposits around upper airway may obstruct breathing • High blood pressure –OSA is more common with people with high blood pressure • Diabetes- type 2 diabetes caused by obesity, lack of exercise • Men are at higher risk- Have more body mass in torso region, so more mass in throat region is found • Over age of 40- Ability of brain signals to keep the throat muscles stiff during sleep gets limited, so the airway is more likely narrow or collapse • Genetics-one may inherit a naturally narrow throat or small jaw structure or large tonsils or adenoids which can block your airway.

  7. OSA Side Effects

  8. Treatments for Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Positional therapy Apneas tend to be worse when sleeping on the back (the supine position) as gravity makes it more likely for the tongue and other tissue to collapse and block the airway. Hence, not sleeping on the back may reduce the number of apneas. • Avoiding alcohol and other CNS depressants • Weight loss For overweight people, especially those with mild cases, losing weight can be an effective treatment. • Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

  9. Treatments for Obstructive Sleep Apnea, cont’d • Oral appliances • Oral appliances, sometimes called dental appliances, are intended to treat apnea by keeping the airway open in one of three ways. • Surgery • The intention of surgery is to create a more open airway so obstructions are less likely to occur.

  10. Overall Goal • Using a dog as a test subject, create a device that will mimic the effects of obstructive sleep apnea by occluding the airway. • The device should contain a computer controlled procedure capable of closing and opening a valve implanted into the dog’s trachea.

  11. Project Proposal

  12. Motivation For Current Work • In 1994, Dr. Kimoff and other scientists in Toronto, Ontario, built a canine model for inducing obstructive sleep apnea. • Shortcomings of this project • Limited functionality • Underfunding • Vague conclusion • Improvements of previous project in our current work • Latest sensing devices • Implantable sensors • Silent electromechanically valves

  13. Objectives for the SIBHI 2009 13 • 1. Development of a sleep-phase sensing system. • 2. Development of the data acquisition and control system. • 3. System evaluation.

  14. Different Sleep phases 14 There are five stages of sleep phases in a sleep cycle in human / animal. The REM sleep state is one of the sleep stages when throat muscles relaxes completely and occurrence of sleep apnea is most. For laboratory purpose, OSA is induced in REM sleep state. There are five stages of sleep phases in a sleep cycle in human /animal. The REM sleep phase is the one when throat muscles relaxes completely and occurrence of sleep apnea is most. The OSA is induced in REM sleep phase for laboratory purpose. There are five stages of sleep phases in a sleep cycle in human /animal. The REM sleep phase is the one when throat muscles relaxes completely and occurrence of sleep apnea is most. The OSA is induced in REM sleep phase for laboratory purpose. There are five stages of sleep phases in a sleep cycle in human /animal. The REM sleep phase is the one when throat muscles relaxes completely and occurrence of sleep apnea is most. The OSA is induced in REM sleep phase for laboratory purpose.

  15. Options for detecting sleep state • oXbo alarm clock -wakes you when you're in the shallowest stages of sleep. • Watch-PAT 100(peripheral arterial tone)- finger tip sensor that detects REM sleep state. • Ultrasonic Oscillosensor-detects the sleep state by detecting even low frequency vibrations in sleep state.

  16. Options for Detecting Sleep State, contd. • Piezo Eye Film - generate a electric signals and responds to changes in mechanical stress with the up and down movement of the eyelids in REM sleep stage. • Kvasar Dream mask- has IR sensors and 940nm LEDs are used to look through the eyelid and pupil movement and changes in reflected IR is measured.

  17. SIBHI 2009 Idea for detecting sleep state REM eyeliner sleep phase detection When dogs reach REM sleep, their eyelids move up and down rapidly. If eyeliner is applied to the dogs eye lid, then an algorithm can be created which can highlight the movement of the eyelid. This in turn will notify the examiner when the dog is in REM, because the computer will be able to recognize the pattern of the eyelid.

  18. Trachea Airflow Control • Developed hardware using an actuator controlled by the Dragon12 microcontroller. The canine’s implanted trachea will be attached to the linear actuator. • When a command is sent through user interfacing, the linear actuator pinches the tracheal tube. • Controlling the motor by potentiometer

  19. Next Steps: • Algorithm to control the airflow by the actuator • User interface • Choosing wireless transceivers • Develop REM Eyeliner algorithm

  20. References • http://www.cfs-recovery.org/sleep_apnea.htm • http://www.sleepapnea.org/info/index.html • http://www.sleepapnea.org/ • http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/SleepApnea/ SleepApnea_WhatIs.html • http://www.sleepdisorderchannel.com/osa/index.shtml • http://www.axbo.com/axbo/CMS/CMS.aspx?Language=E • http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2276832

  21. Cohort of 2009

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