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Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry. A Brief overview that doesn’t do the topic justice. Organic chemistry deals with the chemistry of all life on earth. It plays a part in understanding and developing food, drugs, plastics, petrochemicals, paint and explosives. Organic Compounds.

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Organic Chemistry

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  1. Organic Chemistry A Brief overview that doesn’t do the topic justice

  2. Organic chemistry deals with the chemistry of all life on earth. It plays a part in understanding and developing food, drugs, plastics, petrochemicals, paint and explosives.

  3. Organic Compounds • All have carbon atoms however, not all carbon-containing compounds are organic. • Ex: Na2CO3, CO, and CO2 • Organic compounds- covalently bonded compounds containing carbon. Doesn’t include carbonates and oxides.

  4. Why Carbon is way cool! • Uniqueness in the structures and bonding abilities. • They can form long chains and rings of covalently bonded atoms. • Catenation- bonding of an element to itself to create the rings or chains. • The C in such structures can be single, double, or triple covalent bonds. • C atoms can also bind with elements similar in electronegativity.

  5. Hydrocarbons These only have C and H in the compounds. Other organic compounds contain hydrocarbon backbones where other elements are attached. O, N, S and halogens.

  6. Atom Arrangement with Organic Compounds • Some compounds may contain the same atoms but have different properties because the atoms are arranged differently. • C2H4O is ethanol and dimethyl ether • Isomers- compounds with same molecular formula and different structures.

  7. Structural Formulas In organic chemistry structures are used to represent organic compounds. Structural formula- provides the number and types of atoms in a molecule & shows bonding arrangement of the atoms. C4H10 Don’t show the 3D shape of molecules.

  8. Condensed structures • Easier to read. • Bonds to H are not shown, they are understood to bind to atom they are written beside. • Example on left is structural and on right is condensed formulas

  9. Isomers, again Same molecular formula and different structural formulas. Remember? Structural isomer- aka a constitutional isomer, atoms are bonded together in different orders. C4H10

  10. Geometric isomers- order of atom bonding is the same but the arrangement of atoms in space is different. Ex: 1,2-dichloroethene geometric isomers

  11. What is next?

  12. Hydrocarbons TAKE 2!! What are they again? Saturated hydrocarbons- C atom in molecule forms 4 single covalent bonds with other atoms.

  13. Alkanes Alkanes- hydrocarbons with single bonds Single-chain alkanes differ by 1 C and 2 H. These are homologous series- adjacent members differ by a constant unit.

  14. Alkanes

  15. Cycloalkanes- alkanes where the C atoms are arranged in a ring, or cyclic, structure. Skeletal representation

  16. HIGHLIGHTS Carbon’s ability to bond to elements and allow different arrangement of atoms contributes to diversity of carbon compounds Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula and different structures.

  17. HIGHLIGHTS 2 Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons; they have single bonds. The trends in alkanes correspond to trends in alkane size and amount of branching. Organic compounds are named according to a systematic method. Unsaturated hydrocarbons have one or more multiple carbon-carbon bonds; include alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons

  18. HIGHLIGHTS 3 Functional groups are responsible for the properties of the organic compound that contains the functional group. Alcohols contain the hydroxyl functional groups. Alkyl halides contain one or more halogen atoms. 2 alkyl groups are joined to an oxygen atom in ethers. Amines are derivatives of ammonia. Carboxylic acids contain carboxyl groups.

  19. Functional Groups Websites http://uhill-chemistry.wikispaces.com/Organic+Chemistry+-+Functional+Groups http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/3313/3393159/blb2505.html Check out crash courses on organic chemistry. They are great.

  20. Alkane- a saturated hydrocarbon with hydrogen and carbon atoms, all bonds are single bonds. • Single bond for the carbons, names end with “a”. • Alkene- an unsaturated compound with one carbon-carbon double bond. • Double bond for the carbons, names end with “e”. • Alkyne- an unsaturated hydrocarbon with at least one; carbon—carbon triple bond between two carbon atoms. • Triple bond for the carbons, names end with “y”.

  21. Sooooo Here are some words you may find useful Organic compounds Hydrocarbon Isomer Saturated and Unsaturated hydrocarbons Alkane Alkene Alkyne Cycloalkane

  22. Functional group Alcohol Alkyl halide Ether Aldehyde Ketone Amine Carboxylic acid Ester

  23. Polymer Monomer Copolymer

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