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Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein. Kawameeh Middle School 8 th Grade Honors Science. Theory of Relativity…how it all started. Michelson and Morley. It all started when scientists by the name of wanted to figure out how fast the Earth was moving through space.

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Albert Einstein

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  1. Albert Einstein Kawameeh Middle School 8th Grade Honors Science

  2. Theory of Relativity…how it all started Michelson and Morley • It all started when scientists by the name of wanted to figure out how fast the Earth was moving through space. • They decided that they could figure this out by measuring the . They thought if Earth was moving around the Sun, and the Sun was moving around the galaxy, they should be able to measure how fast they were moving though space. All they would need to do was measure how the speed of light changed. • They discovered something very strange… the speed of light speed of light was the same no matter what!

  3. Theory of Relativity Albert Einstein • It took a man by the name of to figure out how this could be. • Einstein and another smart scientist figured out that the only way to explain the fact that the speed of light always remained the same would be if • The closer you move to the speed of light (the faster you move) the more • In everyday life the variations of speed is too small to notice any difference in time. Hendrik Lorentz time slowed down. time slows down

  4. Example: Time = distance / speed • If Ms. Bormann walked 10 meters at 2 m/s how long would it take? • If Ms. Bormann walked 10 meters at 8 m/s how long would it take? • The time decreased as the speed increased.

  5. The case of the travelling twins • Time passes differently for different observers. • The case of the travelling twins: One twin stays at home, on Earth. The other journeys into space in an ultra-fast (close to the speed of light) rocket. When she returns home the travelling twin looks much younger compared to the twin that stayed home. The exact age difference depends on the journey. Aboard the space-ship two years of flight-time have passed, on Earth, however a whopping 30 years have passed between the spaceship’s departure and return.

  6. This is known as time dilation • If you move fast enough through space, the observations that you make about space and time will differ somewhat from the observations of other people, who are moving at different speeds.

  7. 1. Imagine that you’re on a spaceship and holding a laser so it shoots a beam of light directly up, striking a mirror you’ve placed on the ceiling. The light beam then comes back down and strikes a detector. 2. However, the spaceship is traveling at a constant speed of half the speed of light (0.5c, as physicists would write it). According to Einstein, this makes no difference to you — you can’t even tell that you’re moving. 3. If Amber were spying on you, as in the bottom of the figure, it would be a different story.Amber would see your beam of light travel upward along a diagonal path, strike the mirror, and then travel downward along a diagonal path before striking the detector. In other words, you and Amber would see different paths for the light and, more importantly, those paths aren’t even the same length.

  8. This strange behavior of space and time is only evident when you’re traveling close to the speed of light, so no one had ever observed it before. Experiments carried out since Einstein’s discovery have confirmed that it’s true — time and space are perceived differently, in precisely the way Einstein described, for objects moving near the speed of light.

  9. E=mc2… What does it mean? theory of relativity • This equation stands for Einstein’s • ‘E’ stands for • ‘M’ stands for • ‘C’ stands for which is approximately • Mass and energy are and therefore a very small amount of can be converted into a large amount of because the speed of light is so large. energy mass the speed of light 186,000 miles per second (300,000 km/sec) interchangeable mass energy

  10. E=mc2 and nuclear energy • Einstein’s equation is confirmed on a daily basis with Nuclear Fission which occurs in labs across the country every day. • One Uranium atom has in its nucleus and undergoes very easily. • When a Uranium atom splits it “loses” . That lost mass (parts of matter) can be converted into . The more matter you have, the more energy you can create. 143 neutrons nuclear fission mass energy

  11. Try Einstein’s Equation • Calculate how much energy is in 1 kilogram of matter, using 300,000,000 meters per second as the speed of light. Work it out with paper and pencil. A calculator will probably give you an error message. Besides, Einstein didn’t use a calculator in 1905! • Note: if there are too many zero’s to deal with, use scientific notation! You can write the speed of light as 3 x 108m/sec. To multiply numbers in scientific notation, multiply the first numbers, and then add the exponents of 10 together. Thus, 3x102 times 2x104 equals 6x106 or 6 million.

  12. ENERGY AND MATTER • You know that the Law of Conservation of Energy States: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed. • Einstein’s discoveries meant this law had to be adjusted because he found that: Just as one form of energy can be transformed into other forms, matter can also be transformed into energy. Destroying just a few particles of matter (nuclear fission) releases a HUGE amount of energy!

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