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H201 Introduction

H201 Introduction . How Do Militaries Change?. H 200 Military Innovation in Peace and War. TLO 7: Use historical context to inform professional military judgment. Relationship of: . HISTORY Particular Knowledge What happened - or -

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H201 Introduction

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  1. H201 Introduction How Do Militaries Change?

  2. H 200Military Innovation in Peace and War TLO 7: Use historical context to inform professional military judgment

  3. Relationship of: HISTORYParticular Knowledge What happened - or - THEORYGeneral Knowledge What does it mean - or - DOCTRINECommon Behavior What we do about it - or - “What Dead Guys Did” “What Dead Guys Thought About it” “What We Do To Avoid Being Dead Guys”

  4. HISTORY • “Relevant” does not necessarily mean “Recent” • Limitations of internet sources • According to Luvaas, what are the fallacies or pitfalls?

  5. PITTFALLS & FALLACIES • Don’t assume absolute truth • Avoid using “facts” to “prove” a particular idea about future • Practice asking questions about the data, trying to understand both sides of conflict

  6. FOCUS OF COURSE • What is “Innovation”? • How easy is it for a major institution to change fundamentally?

  7. A Model of Innovation Conceptual (thoughtware) Technological (hardware) THREAT Logistical (resources) MILITARY CULTURE POLITICAL FACTORS

  8. Text • Murray/Millett: Case studies in interwar innovation, transformation and doctrine development – provocative

  9. H200 Readings • Point of departure for the next class • Contribute insights to be developed in future classes • Provide material for essay • Make you better informed about your profession

  10. H200 Evaluation Plan • Graded outline: pass/fail • 3-5 page essay 60% • Participation 40% _____ Total 100%

  11. COURSE REQUIREMENTS • Read 50-60 pages per class • Class preparation/involvement • Outline • Argumentative paper

  12. Plagiarism • “The false assumption of authorship: the wrongful act of taking the product of another person’s mind, and presenting it as one’s own” (MLA Handbook, 5th ed., p. 30) • Intellectual theft, an ethical and moral offense, and penalties are severe • Using another’s words or thoughts (within reason) is entirely permissible, as long as proper attribution is made

  13. Plagiarism • When in doubt, cite • Submitting a paper written for a previous course is self-plagiarism and another form of cheating

  14. PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE • Germany: Treaty of Versailles, 1919 • Austria (St. Germain, 1919), Hungary (Trianon, 1920), Turkey (Sevres, 1920) etc. • Dismemberment, reparations for former Central Powers

  15. INTERWAR PERIOD (1919-39) • Germany disarmed, dismembered, vengeful • Democracies exhausted, pacifistic • Soviet Union isolated, preaching world-wide revolution (COMINTERN) • Unresolved ethnic minorities in eastern Europe • Great Depression, 1929 onward

  16. 1919-1939 • Myth that only certain armies innovated and learned • Belated, hasty rearmament and innovation • New weapons accomplished little without correct doctrine and experience

  17. What common factors hampered military change in this postwar environment?

  18. Common Factors • Anti-military revulsion • Tight defense budgets-large stockpiles of aging equipment-Limited Japanese and Italian industrial plants • Rapid change in technology • Confusion of terminology • Disagreements among theorists, especially airpower

  19. The 1920’s • U.S. failed to join League of Nations • 1921-22 Washington Naval Conference • 1925 Geneva Protocol on Chem Wpns • 1925 Locarno Pact • 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact • 1932-34 Geneva Arms Limitation Conferences

  20. THE ROAD TO WAR • 1931: Japanese seizure of Manchuria • 1934: Assassination of Englebert Dollfuss/Austrian Crisis • 1935: Germany restored Luftwaffe, conscription; Italy invaded Ethiopia • 1936: Hitler reoccupied Rhineland • 1936-39: Spanish Civil War

  21. THE ROAD TO WAR 1937: Japan invaded China Feb 1938: Austrian Anschluss Sep 1938: Munich Crisis, dismemberment of Czechoslovakia Mar 1939: Occupation of Prague Aug 1939: Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact Sep 1939: Invasion of Poland

  22. NEXT: H202: Interwar Mechanization

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