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Prehistory marks the era before written records, revealing the foundations of early human societies. Through archaeology and anthropology, we uncover the evolution of human activities, from hunting and gathering to the beginnings of agriculture. Early groups relied on seasonal food sources, but the advent of agriculture allowed for permanent settlements. These societies harnessed the fertile lands of river valleys and developed irrigation techniques, fostering the growth of cities and civilizations. This transformative period laid the groundwork for modern societies, showcasing humanity's adaptability and innovation.
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Prehistory • Prehistory is the time before written and recorded language • Archeology and anthropology are how we gain knowledge about early societies
Methods of Study Archeology Anthropology The study of man using methods ranging from studying fossils to traditional societies • The study of human activity in the past by studying artifacts and environmental data
Traditional Societies Hunting & Gathering Protein sources had to be hunted or snared Groups would gather other food sources as they ripened through the year • Early societies didn’t have a stable food supply so they had to go to where food supplies were
Beginnings of Agriculture Animals Plants Groups that found valleys with a variety of plant were able to stay in one place Having a permanent village gave people the chance to experiment with new and better crops • Animals with desirable traits were tamed and bred to strengthen those traits • Some societies became dependent on animals
Agriculture River Valleys Flood Plains When flooding rivers receded, they left moist fertile silt that was perfect for farming Nile River was an example • Farming societies needed fresh water sources • Mesopotamia developed advance irrigation methods
Agricultural and Culture Hearths Agriculture Hearths Culture Hearths Cities and civilizations developed where there stable food supplies. • Agriculture started in many places around the world that had the right conditions