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OIL AND FAT TECHNOLOGY LECTURES IV Refined Oil Production

Refining of crude oil. Crude oils as received from the extraction plant contain several non-triglyceride components which must be removed.Refining consists of several processes which accomplish this aim.. A refining process is carried out following extraction of crude edible oils by means of screw

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OIL AND FAT TECHNOLOGY LECTURES IV Refined Oil Production

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    1. OIL AND FAT TECHNOLOGY LECTURES IV (Refined Oil Production) Prof.Dr.Aytaç SAYGIN GÜMÜSKESEN Yrd.Doç.Dr.Fahri YEMISÇIOGLU

    2. Refining of crude oil Crude oils as received from the extraction plant contain several non-triglyceride components which must be removed. Refining consists of several processes which accomplish this aim.

    3. A refining process is carried out following extraction of crude edible oils by means of screw presses and/or solvent extraction. In refining, physical and chemical processes are combined to remove undesirable natural as well as environmental-related components from the crude oil. These components comprise for example phosphatides, free fatty acids, pigments (such as chlorophyll), odors and flavors (including aliphatic aldehyde and ketone), waxes as well as heavy metals, pesticides etc.

    4. Depending on the requirements, the following basic processes are implemented: degumming for removal of phosphatides, neutralization for removal of free fatty acids, bleaching for removal of color, deodorization to distill odors and flavors as well as free fatty acids and winterization for separation of waxes.

    5. Refining Methods Chemical Refining Degumming Neutralizing Bleaching Deodorization Physical Refining Degumming Bleaching Steam distillation

    6. Degumming The aim of degumming operation; The emulsifying action of phospholipids increases oil losses during alkali refining. Gums lead brown discoloration of oil after heating during deodorization. Salts may be formed with cooper, magnesium,calcium and iron, accelerating oxidative degredation of oil. Certain phospholipids, such as lecithin, find widespread industrial application.

    7. Gums •Two main types –Hydratable Phosphatides-easy to remove –Non-Hydratable Phosphatides(NHP) -hard to remove from oil •some NHP removed with hydratables in water degumming •requires the use of a acid to convert to hydratable for complete removal

    8. Model of phospholipids

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