Unit Four

1. Unit Four Animals

2. Part One Listening and Speaking

3. ●Listening • Scripts and Keys • ◆Activity 1 Negation • Directions:In this partyou will hear 10 statements. Listen carefully and choose A, B, C or D which is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. The statements will be read only once.

4. 1. He is so weakened that he can hardly stand up. • A. It is difficult for him to stand up. • 2. This washing machine is out of order. • C. This washing machine doesn’t work. • 3. He seldom goes to bed before midnight. • B. He often goes to bed after midnight. • 4. The lecture was so interesting that not a single student • was absent. • B. All the students were present at the lecture.

5. 5.  My appetite for pizza has disappeared. • B. I no longer like eating pizza. • 6. A car is beyond my means. • A. I don’t have enough money to buy a car. • 7. Pop music is far from being my favorite kind of music. • A. I don’t like pop music.

6. 8. We are running out of petrol. • C. We have to go to the petrol station. • 9. He is the last person in the world I want to see. • B. I don’t like him. • 10. She spoke too fast for us to follow. • C. She spoke so fast that we couldn’t follow her.

7. ◆ Activity 2 Conversations • Directions:In this part you will hear 5 conversations. Each of the conversations will be read twice. Listen to them carefully and then decide whether the statements below are true, false or not mentioned according to the conversations you hear. Write T for True, F for False and N for Not Mentioned in the space provided.

8. Conversation 1 • A: You know what? I’ve just come back from a • wonderful trip. • B: You have? Where did you go? • A: Mount Tai. • B: How exciting! I’ve never been there. How did you get • there? • A: By train. • B: Did you take any photos? • A: Of course. I’ll show them to you as soon as they come out. • N The man traveled to Mount Tai with his friend.

9. Conversation 2 • A: You visited Mount Emei, I heard. How was the trip? • B: It was fantastic! There’re many scenic spots and places • of historical interest. I was greatly impressed by its • natural beauty. • A: How did you get there? • B: I traveled to Chengdu by air, and then I took the bus • to Mount Emei. • A: How long did the whole trip take? • B: Four days, including the time on the road. • T The woman went to Mount Emei first by plane • and then by bus.

10. Conversation 3 • A: Where did you and Mary go on your holiday? • B: We went to Beijing. We spent the whole week there. • A: You must have had a wonderful time. • B: Sure. Mary was unwilling to come back. You ought to • go there some day. • B: I certainly will. What do you think is the best time to • go to Beijing? • A:Beijing is at its best in October. So National Day • Holiday is the best time to visit it. • F The best time to visit Beijing is May Day • Holiday.

11. Conversation 4 • A: When is your vacation going to start, Jane? • B: August 3. • A: Oh, that’s only a few days from now. Where are you • going? • B: This time I’d like to go to Sanya. • A: How long are you staying there? • B: About a week. • A: Have you booked the hotel yet? • B: Oh, I don’t need to do that. I’ll be staying with my • friends. • F The woman has already booked the hotel.

12. Conversation 5 • A: Good morning. What can I do for you? • B: I’m thinking of taking a trip. Can you give me some suggestions? • A: Sure. Where would you like to go? • B: Well, perhaps to Hong Kong or perhaps to Thailand. • I’m not sure. • A: We now have a nice package tour to Hong Kong. • B: What exactly is included in the tour? • A: It includes a first-class hotel, meals and the tours of • Disney Land and Ocean Park. • B: Sounds great! Can you tell me more about it? • T The woman recommends the tour of Hong Kong to the man.

13. ◆ Activity 3 Passage • Directions:In this part you will hear only one passage. At the end of the passage, 5 questions will be asked about what was said. Both the passage and the questions will be read twice. An incomplete answer is written for you. When you hear a question, you should complete the answer with a word or a short phrase (in no more than 3 words).

14. Laura and Jerry Cooper like cats. They have nine of them! The Coopers and their nine cats live in a very unusual house in San Diego, California. Why is the house unusual? Because it’s the cats’ house! Jerry and Laura wanted their house to be interesting, fun and comfortable—but not just for them, for their cats, too.

15. What did they do? They made small stairs that go from the floor to the ceiling. The cats can climb the stairs and walk from room to room on a special catwalk. There are special sunny places for the cats to sit. There is a very big scratching post in the living room. It’s as tall as the ceiling! • The cats’ house is small and colorful. It’s purple on the outside, and has more than forty bright colors on the inside. It also has nine very happy and very lucky cats!

16. Questions and Answers • 1. Why is the Coopers’ house unusual? • Because it’s the cats’ house. • 2. What did Jerry and Laura want their house to be like? • They wanted their house to be interesting, fun and • comfortable.

17. 3. Why did the Coopers make a special catwalk in the • house? • They made it for the cats to walk from room to room. • 4. How tall is the scratching post? • It is as tall as the ceiling. • 5. How many colors does the inside of the house have? • It has more than forty bright colors.

18. ● Speaking • ◆ Activity 1 • Sample —— A: Good afternoon, what can I do for you? B: Well, we are exchange students from America. We’ve come here to see where we can go for the weeklong holiday. Can you give us some suggestions? A: Sure, we can help you plan for a wonderful holiday. What interests you more, natural scenery or places of historical interest. B: I think both. We’d like to have a good look at China and its people.

19. A: Beijing is at its best in October. I suggest you go to • Beijing first. • B: Good idea! I’ve been dreaming of visiting the Great • Wall. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a • true man! But how can we get there? • A: You can take the night express train to Beijing. • B: How long should we stay there? • A: Three days. Then you go to Xi’an, and stay there for • two days. The terracotta warrior statues are really • worth seeing. • B: Terrific! Could I look at the details?

20. ◆ Activity 2 • Samples —— A: You traveled to Mount Wuyi during your holiday, I heard. How was the trip? B: Oh, it was fantastic. I was greatly impressed by its natural beauty. You ought to go there some day. A: I certainly will. How did you get there? B: I took the night express train. But you can also go there by air. A: How long did the trip take? B: About four days, including the time on the road.

21. A: What do you think is the best time to go toMount • Wuyi? • B: Well, Mount Wuyi is at its best in the summer. You • can take the bamboo raft down the river, or even • take off your clothes and jump right into the clear • water. —— A: Haven’t seen you since last time. I heard you took a trip to Hangzhou. B: Yes, I did.

22. A: How did you like it? It is said that Hangzhouhas a lot • of famous scenic spots. Did you visit any of them? • B: Oh, yeah, of course. Hangzhou is such a fantastic city • that nobody will fail to be enchanted by its charm. We • went to many places such as Broken Bridge and Leifeng • Pagoda. • A: I can imagine. • B: But frankly speaking, I get sick and tired of hotels and • hotel food. • A: I see. East or west, home is the best.

23. Part Two Reading Text A Text B

24. ● Lead-in Activity • ◆ Activity 1 Animal Idioms • Step One • bear, bird, bull, butterfly（蝴蝶）,cat, cow, crab, crocodile（鳄鱼）, deer, dog, dolphin（海豚）,donkey（驴子）,dragonfly（蜻蜓）, duck, guinea pig（豚鼠）,horse, koala（树袋熊）, leopard（豹）, lion, lizard（蜥蜴）, monkey, mosquito（蚊子）, panda（熊猫）, parrot（鹦鹉）, peacock（孔雀）, penguin（企鹅）, pig, rabbit, shark（鲨鱼）, sheep, shrimp（小虾）, snail（蜗牛）,snake, spider（蜘蛛）, swallow（燕子）, tiger, tortoise（乌龟）, turtle（海龟）, whale（鲸）, zebra（斑马）,etc.

25. Step Two • 1.   Love me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌。 • 2.   Every dog has his day. 凡人皆有得意日。 • 3.   It’s raining cats and dogs. 大雨倾盆。 • 4.   black sheep害群之马，败家子 • 5. the lion’s share 最大或最好的一份

26. 6.    a bird’s eye view 俯视，鸟瞰 • 7.   kill two birds with one stone一石二鸟， 一箭双雕 • 8.   dog-eat-dog竞争激烈的，残酷无情的 • 9.   birds of a feather 鸟以群分，一丘之貉 • 10. let the cat out of the bag （无意中）泄露秘密

27. 1. Happy 2. Angry 3. Scared 4. Hungry ◆Activity 2 How Do Dogs Express Their Feelings? Step One

28. Step Two • 1. A happy dog may wag（摇摆）its tailor or jump up and down with excitement. You should always make sure a dog is happy before you try to pet（抚弄）it. An angry dog may snarl（狂吠）and show its teeth. You should always stay away from the angry dog, no matter how cute it looks. 2.

29. A scared dog may curl（使卷曲）its tail under and often crouches（蹲伏，蜷缩）down low to the ground. Its eyes get big, and its ears go back. A scared dog may bite anything that comes near it because it is afraid. • 3. A hungry dog makes it very clear that it wants to be fed. It may sit back on its hind legs（后腿）and beg. It often barks（狗叫）loudly and jumps up and down to make sure you know it is hungry! 4.

30. ●   Reading • ◆ Language Focus • 1．As a child, I always wanted to know what other animals were thinking and feeling. (Para. 1) what other animals were thinking and feeling是what引导的宾语从句，意为“其他动物在想什么，有什么样的感觉”。what可引导宾语从句。例如： ◆We can learn what we did not know before. 我们能学到我们以前不知道的东西。 ◆I know what we should always keep in mind. 我知道我们应该永远记住什么。

31. 2．In fact, a number of researchers’ articles, supported by scientific data, show that lots of animals experience deep emotions, ranging from joy to grief and depression over the loss of a mate. (Para. 1) supported by scientific data是过去分词短语作定语，用来补充说明逗号前面的名词词组a number of researchers’ articles，相当于一个非限定性定语从句“which are supported by scientific data”。

32. ranging from joy to grief and depression over the loss of a mate是现在分词短语，用来进一步说明逗号前面的名词emotions，相当于一个非限定性定语从句“which range from joy to grief and depression over the loss of a mate”。现在分词短语与过去分词短语作后置定语的主要区别是：现在分词表示主动，正在进行，而过去分词则表示被动或完成的动作。例如： • ◆There is a bus running between the school and • the shopping center. • 有车行驶于学校和购物中心之间。

33. ◆ I like that park built near the lake. • 我喜欢那个建在湖边的公园。 • over表示“对/为（某事）”的意思。例如： • ◆It’s no good losing your temper over it. • 为此发火没有好处。 • ◆He was very excited over the news. • 他因这条新闻而激动。

34. 3．Emotions are usually defined as mental phenomena that help individuals manage and control their behavior. (Para. 2) 这里的defined as是词组define…as的被动形式，意为“把……定义为”。类似的词组还有：describe…as（把……描述/说成），see…as（把……看作，视为……），accept…as（把……当作），look on…as（把……看作）。as后面可以接名词、动名词或形容词。例如：

35. ◆He was described as being very cruel. • 他据说非常残酷。 • ◆I can’t see them as members of our organization. • 我不能把他们视为我们组织的成员。 • ◆The police accepted his story as true. • 警方认为他的故事是真的。 • ◆We consider him as a possible candidate. • 我们认为他有可能成为候选人。

36. ◆We look on her as a daughter. • 我们把她当作女儿。 • phenomena是phenomenon的复数形式。 • that help individuals manage and control their behavior是定语从句，修饰前面的名词词组mentalphenomena。

37. 4．Emotions also drive animals into action, ranging from escape to attack, joyful play to deep grief. (Para. 2) drive animals into action表示“驱使动物采取行动”的意思。drive之后可用介词短语、副词、形容词或动词不定式作其宾语补语。例如： ◆That noise is driving me out of my mind. 那噪声吵得我发狂。 ◆The pain nearly drove her mad. 痛苦几乎让她发疯。

38. ◆Poverty and hunger drove them to steal. • 贫困和饥饿逼得他们去偷窃。 • ranging from escape to attack, joyful play to deep grief是现在分词短语，用来修饰逗号前面的名词action，相当于一个非限定性定语从句“which ranges from escape to attack, joyful play to deep grief”。

39. 5．Highs and Lows (Para. 3) Highs相当于“high emotions” ，即“高涨的情绪”；lows相当于“low emotions”，即“低落的情绪” 。

40. 6．Joy is an emotion that’s shared by many animals and is expressed freely and clearly. (Para. 3) that's shared by many animals and is expressed freely and clearly是定语从句，修饰前面的名词emotion。关系代词that在定语从句中可用作主语。

41. 7．When Shirley and Jenny, two female elephants, were introduced to each other at the Elephant Sanctuary in Hohenwald, Tennessee, both got very emotional, roaring loudly, touching one another and remaining in close contact, as if they were old friends — and they were, but no one else realized at the time. (Para. 3)

42. 本句是主从复合句，主句是both got very emotional，从句是连词when所引导的时间状语从句When Shirley and Jenny were introduced to each other。 two female elephants是Shirley and Jenny的同位语，补充关于Shirley和Jenny的信息。at the Elephant Sanctuary in Hohenwarld, Tennessee是介词短语作地点状语。

43. 另外，roaring loudly, touching one another and remaining in close contact是三个现在分词短语，表示主句both got very emotional的伴随状态。例如： • ◆The young man was fast asleep, holding a book • in his hand. • 这个年轻人很快睡着了，手里还拿着一本书。 • ◆She stood there quietly, looking out of the • window. • 她安静地站在那里，看着窗外。

44. ◆ We began to knock at the door, thinking that • was his home. • 我们开始敲门，以为那就是他的家。 • as if / as though意为“好像，好似”。在as if / as though引导的从句中，表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况的怀疑，用过去时；表示过去想像中的动作或情况，用过去完成时；如果可能成为事实，用陈述语气。正式英语中，由as if / as though引导的从句中可用“were”来代替“was”。例如：

45. ◆You look as if you were ill. • 你看上去好像病了。（实际上你并没有病） • ◆She spoke to me as if I were / was deaf. • 她那样对我说话，好象我耳聋了。（事实上 • 我并没有耳聋。） • ◆When she came in from the rainstorm, she • looked as if she had taken a shower with her • clothes on. • 她从暴雨中回来，看上去好像刚才穿着衣服 • 淋浴了一样。（事实上她并没有淋浴。表示 • 过去想像中的动作。）

46. ◆He looks as if he is going to win. • 他看起来好像要赢了。（他很有可能赢得比 • 赛。） • 本句中破折号之后的部分and they were, but no one else realized at the time是对as if they were old friends的补充说明，说明它们事实上确实是朋友，只是当时没有人意识到这一点。

47. 8．It turned out that Shirley and Jenny had lived in the same circus 22 years earlier, when Jenny was just eight years old and Shirley was thirty. (Para.3) earlier表示“（过去某时）之前”的意思，而ago表示“（现在某时）之前”。例如：

48. ◆Four days earlier his foot had been bitten by • a snake. • 早在四天之前，他的脚被蛇咬了。（表示过去 • 的某个时刻之前的四天，所以用过去完成时。） • ◆Four days ago his foot was bitten by a snake. • 四天之前，他的脚被蛇咬了。（表示从现在 • 开始算起的四天前，所以用过去时。）

49. 9．Since being reunited , they have rarely left each other’s sides and are clearly very happy to be back together. (Para. 3) Since being united中的since作介词，后面应跟名词或动名词，相当于since引导的时间状语从句“since they were united”。类似的词语还有：before，after等。例如：

50. ◆ After talking to you , I always feel better. • 跟您谈谈之后，我总是觉得心情好一些。 • ◆Take a good look before opening it. • 打开之前你要好好看一下。 • ◆He has worked hard since leaving school. • 自从离开学校后他一直努力工作。