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Civil and Penal Justice

Civil and Penal Justice. Definitions. In modern societies, the totalities of laws constitute the legal system This system comprised both civil and penal laws If norms are not respected, citizens have to the right to appeal to judicial authorities for redress of grievances. Civil Law.

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Civil and Penal Justice

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  1. Civil and Penal Justice

  2. Definitions • In modern societies, the totalities of laws constitute the legal system • This system comprised both civil and penal laws • If norms are not respected, citizens have to the right to appeal to judicial authorities for redress of grievances

  3. Civil Law • Adjcudicates conflicts between private perons and/or institutions • Ex: disagreements about contracts , whether between privasyr citizens and/or employers/employees

  4. Penal Law • Has to do with criminal actives • Ex: murder, theft, rape • Penal codes and punisgmeents vary from country to country, but generally speaking, the accused has rights -- accused has the right to a lawyer -- must be found guilty by a tribunal -- the state must prove the accused is guilty. If the proof og guilt is inconclusive, the accused is set free -- accused has the right o appeal his/her verdict and/or sentence

  5. Guilt, Punishment and Congessfion Extracted by Torture • No proof of guilt may be obtained through torture • Penal punishment consists of privations of liberty, fines, confiscation of wealth, forced labor. Most counties forbid the death penlalty • If the accused has nom prior convivtions, the sentence remains on record but it is “suspended” • Judiciary and police abused do happen. If this is the case, citizens have the right to apealtoa higher curt or inerntional organization such as the European Commission for Human Rights

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