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Cosmic Evolution: Life Cycle of Stars

Explore the fascinating stages stars go through based on their mass. From nebula to super nova, learn about star formation, fusion, and the eventual fate of different types of stars. Discover the life expectancy of stars and the Solar Nebula Theory.

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Cosmic Evolution: Life Cycle of Stars

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  1. Life Cycle of a Star Based on Mass of Star

  2. All Stars – Stage 1-Nebula • Gravity main force, pulls cloud INWARD. • Temperature = INCREASES • Gravity based on MASS OF CLOUD.

  3. Orion’s Nebula

  4. All Stars – Stage 1 - PROTOSTAR • Size DECREASES • Mass becomes more DENSE • Temperature hot enough to give off light.

  5. Protostar

  6. All Stars – Stage 2 – Main Sequence • Nuclear Fusion begins in core. • Heat pushes OUTWARD • Star becomes STABLE • Now a MAIN SEQUENCE STAR

  7. Main Sequence starOur Sun

  8. Nuclear Fusion • Hydrogen fuses into Helium in the Core. • 4 H  1 He Creates great heat! E = mc2

  9. Red Giant

  10. Medium Mass Star (Sun)-Stage 3 • Red Giant • Runs out of hydrogen fuel • Fusion occurs in outer shell causing expansion • Outward pressure GREATER than inward pressure. • Sun will expand out to Mars. • Cools and turns Red.

  11. Medium Mass Star – Final Stage • White Dwarf = Hot but Dim • Red Giant core collapses • Inward pressure GREATER than outward pressure • Outer shell escapes into space = Planetary Nebula

  12. White Dwarf with Planetary Nebula Foofing

  13. High Mass Star Stages • First stages the same but more MASSIVE! • Nebula • Protostar • Main sequence

  14. H-R Diagram • Where would High-Mass main sequence stars be?

  15. High Mass Star Stages • Super Giant • Higher heat and mass allows fusion of heavier elements. • H  He  C  O Fe • Outward pressure GREATER than inward pressure • Expands, runs out of fuel and cools = turns Red

  16. Super Giant

  17. High Mass Star – The End • Super Giant runs out of fuel = Core collapses • Inward pressure GREATER than outward pressure • Core collapse triggers EXPLOSION! • Explosion = SUPER NOVA

  18. Super Nova

  19. High Mass Star – The End • Core continues to collapse • Gravitational force HUGE! • Turns into a NEUTRON STAR • Gives off pulsing radio waves (called Pulsar)

  20. High Mass Star – The End • Black Hole • If massive enough: • Continues to collapse into a Black Hole • Inward pressure GREATER than outward pressure • Gravity so great, light cannot travel fast enough to escape them. • Detected by X-rays emitted by things being pulled in.

  21. Black Hole

  22. Life Expectancy of a Star • The Mass of a star determines the length of • it’s life. • More Mass = Higher energy used = shorter life. • Low Mass Star • 100 Billion years • Medium Mass Star (our Sun) • 10 Billion years • High Mass Star • 10 Million years

  23. Solar Nebula Theory • Nebula • Main sequence – accretion disk formed • Collision of particles formed clumps • Clumps formed asteroids • Asteroids became planets • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VW9FJb1HkDU (2:04 min)

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