Matter and Atomic Structure

1. Matter and Atomic Structure - - - - + - + + - + + +

2. Matter and Atomic Structure • Objectives: • Describe the sub-atomic particles • Describe the structure of atoms • Define the concept of isotopes

3. Matter and Atomic Structure + + - -

4. Matter and Atomic Structure 35 Br Bromine 79.904 12 Mg Magnesium 24.305 Atomic # is 12 Mg has 12 protons Mg has 12 electrons Mg has atomic mass of 24.305 Atomic # is 35 Br has 35 protons Br has 35 electrons Br has atomic mass of 79.904

5. Matter and Atomic Structure 35 Br Bromine 79.904 12 Mg Magnesium 24.305 Atomic Mass is 24.305 Atomic Mass = 12 protons + ? neutrons Atomic Mass – protons = neutrons Atomic Mass of 24.305 rounds to 24 24 – 12 = 12 neutrons Atomic Mass is 79.904 Atomic Mass = 35 protons + ? neutrons Atomic Mass – protons = neutrons Atomic Mass of 79.904 rounds to 80 80 – 35 = 45

6. Matter and Atomic Structure 35 Br Bromine 79.904 Atomic # is 35 Br has 35 protons Br has 35 electrons Br is in Group IV, so it has electrons in multiple energy levels and sub-orbitals. 2 2 6 2 6 2 10 5 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p

7. Matter and Atomic Structure

8. Matter and Atomic Structure • Simplest Atom is Hydrogen • 1 Proton (+ Charge) • 0 Neutrons (No Charge) • 1 Electron (- Charge) • Atomic Number 1 (1 Proton) • Mass Number 1 (Combination of Protons and Neutrons) + -

9. Matter and Atomic Structure • Helium • 2 Protons (+ Charge) • 2 Neutrons (No Charge) • 2 Electrons (- Charge) • Atomic Number 2 (2 Protons) • Mass Number 4 (Combination of Protons and Neutrons) - + + - - - • Lithium • 3 Protons (+ Charge) • 4 Neutrons (No Charge) • 3 Electron (- Charge) • Atomic Number 3 (3 Protons) • Mass Number 6.9 (Combination of Protons and Neutrons) + + + -

10. Number of Electrons A sub-orbital can hold 1-2 1-6 1-10 1-14 Process Tail of Arrow to the Head of Arrow Account for each circle gone through Return to Tail of Next Arrow and do again When reporting each phase report in this format ENERGY LEVEL 1-7 Same as Period 1-2 1-6 1-10 1-14 1-7 spdf # of Electrons Energy Level Sub Orbital

11. Matter and Atomic Structure S P D F S: 2 Electrons in this orbital P: 6 Electrons in this orbital D: 10 Electrons in this orbital F: 14 Electrons in this orbital

12. Matter and Atomic Structure Group The Periodic Table 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Period 1 S1 2 S2 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 3 4 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 5 6 7 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 • Last electron to fill for every element • Energy level for the last electron for those ending in an s or p sub-orbital • The number of VALENCE electrons for those ending in an s or p sub-orbital PREDICTIONS

13. Matter and Atomic Structure 16 S Sulfur 32.06 What is the Atomic # for this element What is its Symbol for this element What is the Name of this element What is the Atomic Mass of this element What Group is this element in What Period is this element in What Family is this element a part of Does the element have Isotopes How many Protons does it have in its nucleus How many Neutrons does it have in its nucleus How many Electrons does it have orbiting its Nucleus What is the Last Electron to Fill Number of Valence Electrons In what Energy Level do its valence electrons exist Is it an Electron Donor or Electron Receiver What is the Charge when in its ionic state What is the Magnitude of its charge when in its ionic state