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Climate Change

The 2008 UNFCCC Conference in Chengdu, China, highlighted ongoing international efforts to combat climate change. With over 180 countries ratifying the Kyoto Protocol, the conference aimed to establish binding commitments for reducing greenhouse gas emissions while promoting adaptation strategies for countries most affected. Key topics included the roles of Annex I and non-Annex I countries, flexible market mechanisms, the Bali Action Plan, and the importance of biodiversity in addressing climate change. The need for capacity building and equitable participation for local communities was also emphasized.

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Climate Change

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  1. Chengdu, China 26-29 February 2008 Climate Change

  2. UNFCCC • International Treaty • Ratified by over 180 countries • Reduce GHG emissions—Mitigation • Cope with impacts of inevitable temperature rise—Adaptation • Encourages—non-binding

  3. Structure of the UNFCCC • Secretariat • COPS-Congress of the Parties • Parties

  4. Parties to the UNFCCC • Annex I-Industrialized countries plus EIT (Economies in Transition) (41) • Annex II – Highly Industrialized (24) • Provide funds and tech transfer to EITs and Non-AI, Dev. Countries • Additional financial commitments

  5. Parties to the UNFCCC • Non-Annex I-Developing Countries • Special concerns on CC impacts • Special concerns on econ impacts of mitigation • LCDs-Least Developed Countries • Resources and capacity to address CC issues • Special consideration of impact of mechanisms • Observers • IGOs—Intergovernmental organizations • NGOs

  6. Kyoto Protocol • Kyoto Protocol: 2008 to 2012 • Adopted DEC 97 at COP 3 • Created Binding Commitments • Rules adopted at Marakesh COP7-2001 • In force after Russia Ratified Feb 2005 • China signed 1998-Ratified 2002

  7. Kyoto Protocol • Effects • Binding commitments • Target 5% reduction of GHG emissions of 1990 baseline by 2012 • Created flexible market mechanisms—regulated • Emissions trading • Joint Implementation • CDM • Also Voluntary Markets

  8. Bali Action Plan • Bali Action Plan • Guide for post Kyoto Global Climate Framework by 2009 • REDD-Reduced Emissions from Degradation & Deforestation • Incentive to reduce emissions from D & D in next CC framework • Excluded from Kyoto • Excluded Dev Countries from participation • Deforest. And land use change = 2nd largest source of emissions to electricity • 2x that of all global vehicles • 18-22% of GHG • Adaptation Fund

  9. Recommended Targets • Cap at 2 degree rise • Cap at 400 ppm to avoid catastrophic impacts 445-590 • Emissions peak in 2015-2020 then decline • 383 ppm now---280 pre industrial • Role of Biodiversity as Solution to Climate change Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) • Established 1998

  10. Role of Forests

  11. Climate Change and Local People Vulnerabilities: • Disruption of traditional livelihood practices • Increased food insecurity • Increased health risks

  12. Climate change and Local People Concerns • Capacity Building • Participation in planning and decision-making • Equitable access to benefits • Access to funds and resources

  13. US • American Climate Security Act (Lieberman-Warner Bill) • Passed Senate Environmental and Public Works Committee-Dec 07) • Reduce US-GHG by 60% by 2050 • International forest conservation • Support for adaptation efforts • House action expec 2008 Energy and Commerce Committee • Legislative action anticipated from next Congress

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