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Enhancing Web Accessibility with AccessMonkey: A Framework for Inclusive Internet Design

AccessMonkey is an innovative scripting framework designed to improve web accessibility, particularly for blind individuals who rely on screen readers. By allowing users to modify web pages without coding, AccessMonkey enables people to share their improvements and enhances navigation for everyone. This initiative addresses common web accessibility issues, such as poorly named links and inaccessible imagery, ultimately promoting a more inclusive online experience. As web accessibility becomes increasingly important due to laws and user needs, AccessMonkey stands at the forefront of creating user-friendly digital environments.

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Enhancing Web Accessibility with AccessMonkey: A Framework for Inclusive Internet Design

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  1. AccessMonkey A scripting framework for improving web accessibility Jeremy Brudvik Jessica Leung

  2. Web Accessibility • Web accessibility means that people with disabilities can use the Web[1] • Making sites efficiently usable for people with disabilities. • We are primarily concerned with web accessibility for blind people. [1] http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/accessibility.php “Web Accessibility Initiative”

  3. Blind people and computers • “Blind” isn’t defined equivalently in all contexts • We focus on people who use screen readers • Output • Screen readers • Converts visual information to linear display • Voiced visual content • Refreshable Braille displays • Input • Keyboard • (Virtually) No mouse

  4. Web Accessibility Problems • Images • Layout • Tables • Dynamic content • Mixing content and visual presentation • Poorly-named links • Flash, other multimedia

  5. /olc/pub/YALE/oldintro/oldintro.cgi Update Address

  6. /olc/pub/YALE/oldintro/oldintro.cgi Update Address

  7. Why should people care? • Laws • Section 508 of the U.S. Rehabilitation Act • Lawsuits • NFB v. Target (2006) • Maguire v. SOCOG (1999) • Accessible websites have other benefits • Likely easier for sighted users to navigate • Search engines • In United States, 1.3 million legally blind people, and approx. 10 million visually impaired people [2] [2] http://www.afb.org/Section.asp?SectionID=15 American Foundation for the Blind: Blindness Statistics

  8. Why aren’t sites accessible? • People make uninformed decisions • Many developers don't think about blind people • Old technologies are still used, despite advances • Web design tools don’t always produce accessible content • Easy to incorporate accessibility from the beginning, difficult to redesign existing site • Browser compliance

  9. Outline • Accessmonkey • Evaluation of Website Accessibility • NFB Youth Slam

  10. Outline • Accessmonkey • Evaluation of Website Accessibility • NFB Youth Slam

  11. What are we doing? • Accessmonkey: A scripting framework for improving web accessibility

  12. Accessible Content Production

  13. Accessmonkey • Inspired by Greasemonkey • Greasemonkey allows users to modify web pages • Accessmonkey • Users modify pages without coding • Users share their improvements • Developers save users’ modifications Accessmonkey

  14. Accessmonkey: Issues • Security • Restrict the power of most user-submitted scripts • Allow unrestricted scripts after peer review • Deployment User Base Scripts • Multi-platform • Firefox • Internet Explorer • UI design

  15. Accessmonkey: Progress • Met with blind people to discuss issues • Created suggestion form for website improvements • Specific page scripts • Association of Yale Alumni (AYA) • MyUW • Amazon • General scripts • Assign alt texts • Label headers

  16. Original Modified AYA - Images Enabled

  17. Original Modified AYA - Images Disabled

  18. … … Original Modified MyUW - Styles Enabled

  19. … … Original Modified MyUW - Styles Disabled

  20. … … Original Modified MyUW - Styles Disabled

  21. … … Original Modified MyUW - Styles Disabled

  22. YouTube

  23. YouTube - Headers labeled

  24. Outline • Accessmonkey • Evaluation of Website Accessibility • NFB Youth Slam

  25. Evaluation of Accessibility • Existing Tools • Accessibility difficult to measure • Subjective and not quantifiable • Difficult to suggest specific improvements • What we can do is look at alt (alternative) text • General indicator of how the site is doing overall • Very specific and simple to implement

  26. Evaluation of CRA

  27. Outline • Accessmonkey • Evaluation of Website Accessibility • NFB Youth Slam

  28. NFB Youth Slam • (National Federation of the Blind) • 1-week camp for blind high school students in Baltimore, MD • Taught students how to program instant messenger chatbots [3] www.blindscience.org/ncbys/Youth_Slam.asp

  29. NFB Youth Slam In the Lab Team Exhibit Hall

  30. Acknowledgements • SURP • NASA Space Grant • Professor Richard Ladner • Jeffrey Bigham • Maxwell Aller

  31. Web Studies: All Images != • Significant images need alternative text • alt HTML attribute • Insignificant images need empty alt text • Decorative or structural <img src=“graph.gif” alt=“annual growth: 1982 to 2004”> <img src=“images/spacer.gif”> <img src=“images/spacer.gif” alt=“”>

  32. Prioritization of Problems • Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 1.0 • Identifies accessibility checkpoints for web developers • Separates checkpoints into 3 priorities • Priority 1 must be implemented, otherwise inaccessible • Priorities 2 and 3 are important for efficiency

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