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AccessMonkey

AccessMonkey. A scripting framework for improving web accessibility Jeremy Brudvik Jessica Leung. Web Accessibility. Web accessibility means that people with disabilities can use the Web [1] Making sites efficiently usable for people with disabilities.

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AccessMonkey

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  1. AccessMonkey A scripting framework for improving web accessibility Jeremy Brudvik Jessica Leung

  2. Web Accessibility • Web accessibility means that people with disabilities can use the Web[1] • Making sites efficiently usable for people with disabilities. • We are primarily concerned with web accessibility for blind people. [1] http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/accessibility.php “Web Accessibility Initiative”

  3. Blind people and computers • “Blind” isn’t defined equivalently in all contexts • We focus on people who use screen readers • Output • Screen readers • Converts visual information to linear display • Voiced visual content • Refreshable Braille displays • Input • Keyboard • (Virtually) No mouse

  4. Web Accessibility Problems • Images • Layout • Tables • Dynamic content • Mixing content and visual presentation • Poorly-named links • Flash, other multimedia

  5. /olc/pub/YALE/oldintro/oldintro.cgi Update Address

  6. /olc/pub/YALE/oldintro/oldintro.cgi Update Address

  7. Why should people care? • Laws • Section 508 of the U.S. Rehabilitation Act • Lawsuits • NFB v. Target (2006) • Maguire v. SOCOG (1999) • Accessible websites have other benefits • Likely easier for sighted users to navigate • Search engines • In United States, 1.3 million legally blind people, and approx. 10 million visually impaired people [2] [2] http://www.afb.org/Section.asp?SectionID=15 American Foundation for the Blind: Blindness Statistics

  8. Why aren’t sites accessible? • People make uninformed decisions • Many developers don't think about blind people • Old technologies are still used, despite advances • Web design tools don’t always produce accessible content • Easy to incorporate accessibility from the beginning, difficult to redesign existing site • Browser compliance

  9. Outline • Accessmonkey • Evaluation of Website Accessibility • NFB Youth Slam

  10. Outline • Accessmonkey • Evaluation of Website Accessibility • NFB Youth Slam

  11. What are we doing? • Accessmonkey: A scripting framework for improving web accessibility

  12. Accessible Content Production

  13. Accessmonkey • Inspired by Greasemonkey • Greasemonkey allows users to modify web pages • Accessmonkey • Users modify pages without coding • Users share their improvements • Developers save users’ modifications Accessmonkey

  14. Accessmonkey: Issues • Security • Restrict the power of most user-submitted scripts • Allow unrestricted scripts after peer review • Deployment User Base Scripts • Multi-platform • Firefox • Internet Explorer • UI design

  15. Accessmonkey: Progress • Met with blind people to discuss issues • Created suggestion form for website improvements • Specific page scripts • Association of Yale Alumni (AYA) • MyUW • Amazon • General scripts • Assign alt texts • Label headers

  16. Original Modified AYA - Images Enabled

  17. Original Modified AYA - Images Disabled

  18. … … Original Modified MyUW - Styles Enabled

  19. … … Original Modified MyUW - Styles Disabled

  20. … … Original Modified MyUW - Styles Disabled

  21. … … Original Modified MyUW - Styles Disabled

  22. YouTube

  23. YouTube - Headers labeled

  24. Outline • Accessmonkey • Evaluation of Website Accessibility • NFB Youth Slam

  25. Evaluation of Accessibility • Existing Tools • Accessibility difficult to measure • Subjective and not quantifiable • Difficult to suggest specific improvements • What we can do is look at alt (alternative) text • General indicator of how the site is doing overall • Very specific and simple to implement

  26. Evaluation of CRA

  27. Outline • Accessmonkey • Evaluation of Website Accessibility • NFB Youth Slam

  28. NFB Youth Slam • (National Federation of the Blind) • 1-week camp for blind high school students in Baltimore, MD • Taught students how to program instant messenger chatbots [3] www.blindscience.org/ncbys/Youth_Slam.asp

  29. NFB Youth Slam In the Lab Team Exhibit Hall

  30. Acknowledgements • SURP • NASA Space Grant • Professor Richard Ladner • Jeffrey Bigham • Maxwell Aller

  31. Web Studies: All Images != • Significant images need alternative text • alt HTML attribute • Insignificant images need empty alt text • Decorative or structural <img src=“graph.gif” alt=“annual growth: 1982 to 2004”> <img src=“images/spacer.gif”> <img src=“images/spacer.gif” alt=“”>

  32. Prioritization of Problems • Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 1.0 • Identifies accessibility checkpoints for web developers • Separates checkpoints into 3 priorities • Priority 1 must be implemented, otherwise inaccessible • Priorities 2 and 3 are important for efficiency

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