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Skeletal Pathologies

This guide delves into various skeletal pathologies, including the role of bone structures such as periosteum, diaphysis, and compact bone. It examines conditions like osteogenesis imperfecta, osteopetrosis, and ankylosing spondylitis, focusing on their defining characteristics and radiological features. The document emphasizes the importance of DEXA scans for osteoporosis, discussing bone density metrics like T-scores and Z-scores. Additionally, it covers degenerative joint diseases and benign/malignant tumors, providing insights into their diagnosis through advanced imaging techniques.

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Skeletal Pathologies

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  1. Skeletal Pathologies

  2. TERMS FOR REVIEW • Periosteum • Diaphysis • Epiphysis • Endosteum • Compact Bone • Haversian systems • Cancellous bones • Epiphyseal cartilage • Osteoblasts/osteoclasts • Ossification/resorption

  3. TRANSITIONAL VERTEBRA SPINA BIFIDA OSTEOPETROSIS OI CHARACTERISTICS OF BOTH DIVISIONS OF SPINE LUMBARIZATION SACRALIZATION CERVICAL RIB FAILURE OF RESORPTIVE MECHANISM (HEREDITARY) MARBLE BONES INHERITED SEVERE OSTEOPOROSIS, DEFECTIVE CORTICES PATHOLOGIESREMEMBER:RAD FINDINGS AND DEFINITION

  4. OSTEOPOROSIS AND DEXA • Refer to handout • Accelerated bone resorption • Cannot be visualized on radiograph until 50-70% of bone density is lost! • Radiographically: “picture frame” • DEXA DUAL ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY • 2 beams of high and low energy • ST eliminated, bone mineral density (BMG) • T-score • Z-score

  5. Ankylosing spondylitis • SI Joint • “bamboo spine” • Osteoporosis, stress fracture

  6. Unknown origin Systemic, insidious Women Inflammation of synovial membrane Periarticular osteoporosis ST swelling Solid bony ankylosis Degenerative Age, repetitive movement, trauma Loss of joint space Joint space irregularity ARTHRITISRheumatoid VS Osteo

  7. Gout • Paget’s disease • Benign tumors • Osteochondroma, bone cyst, giant cell tumor • Malignant • Ewings,Bony metatasis

  8. Battered child syndrome • Shaken baby • Munchaasen syndrome • SID

  9. Herniation of Intervertebral disc • Plain films • Myelogram • CT • MRI • SPONDYLOYSIS AND LISTHESIS

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