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Gender and crime

Gender and crime. To look at patterns of gender differences in crime To know why there are gender differences in crime To understand whether there is a gender bias in the criminal justice system. . What do the statistics indicate?. http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=442. History.

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Gender and crime

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  1. Gender and crime • To look at patterns of gender differences in crime • To know why there are gender differences in crime • To understand whether there is a gender bias in the criminal justice system.

  2. What do the statistics indicate? • http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=442

  3. History • Little attention used to be paid to gender differences in crime – instead – focused on why some men more than others likely to commit crime. • 1970’s – feminists (Carol Smart 1977) raised questions such as: • Why do women commit less crime? • Are they treated differently by CJS? • Why are women more likely to conform to social norms?

  4. Explanations • Sex role theory- Boys and girls socialised differently Edwin Sutherland (1949) girls – controlled, boys – aggressive/risks. Synoptic link – write down some examples of gender differences within the family and how these might relate to criminal behaviour. Parsons (1955) clearly defined gender roles in the Modern nuclear family. Boys lack male role model. Largely socialised by mother – reject feminism.

  5. Sex role theory continued… • Cohen – 1955- Socialisation difficult for boys – lacking male role model. Boys experience anxiety about their identity as young men. • This masculine identity can be found on streets / in gangs (being tough, taking risks). • Can you think of any examples? • Gang leader • Showing aggression • Breaking rules. • Fights – expressing masculinity.

  6. Evaluation Explains differences in terms of learned behaviour rather than biological differences. However, feminists criticise sex role theory for failing to consider gender differences and power.

  7. Feminist perspectives • Use the yellow textbook and Haralambos to research the feminist perspectives of crime. • Pat Carlen (1990) • Heidensohn (1996,2002) • Write detailed notes and fill in your grids.

  8. Why do men commit significantly more crime than women? • Men, masculinities and crime – James Messerchmidt (1993) – different conceptions of masculinity lead to different social actions. • Structuration theory – People’s actions change structure of society. E.g. patriarchy • Masculinity – try to express in different ways. • Hegemonic masculinity – dominant, highly valued. • Subordinate masculinity- less powerful, carries lower status (African – American subcultures – pimp, gangster)

  9. Crime is a resource for expressing masculinity ‘ Crime by men is a form of social practice invoked as a resource, when other resources are unavailable, for accomplishing Masculinity’. - Explores why different types of men commit different types of crime.

  10. Young white middle class males – express hegemonic masc through success at school. White w/class males – resist school and construct their masculinity – physical aggression, anti-social behaviour. Lower working ethnic minority males – Street gangs, robbery, street crime.

  11. Social class and masculinities • White collar crime – A means of accomplishing hegemonic masculinity. • W/class males – resisting authority/theft – accomplishing masculinity. • Ethnicity and masculinities • African American males lack the resources to accomplish hegemonic masculinity. • Pimp/hustler – alternative subordinate masculinity.

  12. Evaluation • Use the yellow textbook page 260 to write an evaluation of Messerschmist’s theory.

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