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The Allied Victory

The Allied Victory. Chapter 16: Section 4. North African Campaign. Stalin wanted to open another front against Hitler in France Allies agreed to start another front in Africa & Italy. In Italy Britain sent General Montgomery He dislodged the Germans from Al Alamein & pushed them West

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The Allied Victory

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  1. The Allied Victory Chapter 16: Section 4

  2. North African Campaign • Stalin wanted to open another front against Hitler in France • Allies agreed to start another front in Africa & Italy. • In Italy Britain sent General Montgomery • He dislodged the Germans from Al Alamein & pushed them West • From the West Germany encountered Operation Torch (about 100,000 troops mainly Americans) led by General Eisenhower • Rommel’s Afrika Korps was caught between Montgomery and Eisenhower and crushed in May 1943

  3. Battle of Stalingrad • German advance stalled at Leningrad & Moscow • Sixth Army sent to seize oil fields in Caucasus • Blitzkrieg against Stalingrad • City 99% destroyed • Winter sets in • German army surrounded • Turning Point of Eastern Front

  4. Invasion of Italy • Brit & US decided to attack Italy despite Stalin’s plea to attack France • Conquest of Sicily toppled Musso from power • King Emmanuel had him arrested • Then Germans attacked and rescued Mussolini & put him back in control in No. Italy • Fighting in Italy continued until the end of the war thanks to the Germans • In Apr 1945 some Italians ambushed some German trucks & recaptured Musso. • He was shot the next day and hung in downtown

  5. The Allied Homefronts • Defeating the Axis Powers required total war • US factories converted from peacetime operations to military production (WPB, OPA) • Because factories converted to wartime production there was a shortage of consumer goods which the gov then rationed or distributed in limited amounts. • Everything from meat and sugar to tires & gasoline was rationed • In Europe rationing was even more drastic

  6. War Limits Civil Rights • Government propaganda had a negative effect on the West Coast • A wave of prejudice arose against the Japanese • Excutive Order 9066 issued on Feb 19, 1942 • Internment Camps in restricted military areas used for rounding up “aliens” • 2/3 of those interned were Nisei (native born whose parents were Japanese & many of which volunteered for mili service • Korematsu v. US

  7. Victory in Europe • D-day – Operation Overlord • June 6, 1944 • Invasion of Normandy (60 mile stretch of beach • Eisenhower – Supreme Commander • Dummy Base • Largest amphibious invasion ever • By Sept Paris was liberated

  8. Battle of the Bulge • Last offensive of the Germans • Hitler wanted to break up Brits and US and supply lines • Temporarily pushed the Allies back which caused a bulge in the Allied line.

  9. Germany’s Unconditional Surrender • After Battle of Bulge it was over • Hitler and his mistress commit suicide in underground bunker • On May 7, 1945 General Eisenhower accepted unconditional surrender of the 3rd Reich • FDR did not, however, live to see this. • V-E Day was officially on May 9 the day the surrender was signed.

  10. Victory in the Pacific – Leyte Gulf • After the battle of Guadalcanal the Japanese were in a steady retreat. • Americans landed again in Philippines • Japan wanted to destroy the American fleet and took the gamble at Leyte Gulf • They took this gamble and lost disastrously-eliminating their navy as a fighting force in the war • Began to use kamikaze pilots

  11. Iwo Jima and Okinawa • After a month of bitter fighting the Americans took Iwo Jima which was only 760 from Japan • Then in April US troops moved on to the island of Okinawa which is 350 miles from Japan. • Japanese put up desperate fight losing 100,000 troops to the Americans 12,000

  12. The Japanese Surrender • Once in Okinawa the next stop was Japan • Truman was advised that invasion of Japanese homeland might result in ½ million dead • Truman had to decide whether to use the A-bomb developed as part of the Manhattan Project headed by General Leslie Groves and J. Robert Oppenheimer • Truman stated that he made his decision to use the bomb to bring the war to a quick end and save American lives • On Aug 6 and Aug 9 the US dropped bombs on Hiroshima & Nagasaki • Japan surrendered on Sept 2

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