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Egypt's Empires Golden Age: Art, Trade, and Political Expansion in Ancient Egypt

Explore the Middle Kingdom, the New Kingdom, and the reigns of pharaohs such as Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Amenhotep IV, and Tutankhamen. Learn about the flourishing arts, growth of trade, and political expansion that marked Egypt's golden age.

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Egypt's Empires Golden Age: Art, Trade, and Political Expansion in Ancient Egypt

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  1. Chapter 5.3 Egypt’s Empires

  2. Golden Age • A new dynasty of pharaohs came to power • Moved the capital to Thebes • Started a period of peace and order called • The Middle Kingdom • Lasted from 2055 B.C. to 1650 B.C.

  3. Conquests • Controlled Nubia • Expanded to present-day Syria

  4. The Arts Flourish • Arts and Architecture thrived during the Middle Kingdom • Painters decorated the walls of tombs and temples

  5. Sculptors • Carved hunting, fishing, and battle scenes on large stone walls

  6. Statues of Pharaohs • Statues of the Pharaohs, showing them as humans rather than gods

  7. Architecture • Pharaohs no longer had pyramids built • Tombs were cut into limestone cliffs

  8. The Hyksos • Hyksos invaded Egypt • Had horse drawn chariots • Fought with sturdy weapons made of bronze and iron

  9. Ahmose • Ahmose formed an army and drove the Hyksos out of Egypt in 1550 B.C.

  10. Building an Empire • Ahmose founded a new dynasty. • Started the New Kingdom • Lasted from 1550 B.C. to 1070 B.C. • No longer isolated • Benefited from spread of goods, ideas, and cultures

  11. A Woman Pharaoh • Hatshepsut became pharaoh after husband’s death • Dressed in male pharaoh’s clothes • Wore a false beard • Built temples • Restored monuments • Tomb in Valley of the Kings

  12. Growth of Trade • Hatshepsut was more interested in promoting trade that starting wars

  13. Items Traded • Egyptian traders exchanged beads, metal tools, and weapons for gold, ivory, ebony wood, and incense

  14. Phoenicians • Egyptians valued WOOD products • Traded with Phoenicians • Lived in present-day Lebanon • Invented alphabet • Writing system • Encouraged the spread of goods and ideas – called cultural diffusion

  15. Trade and Politics • Egyptians traded wheat, paper, gold, copper, tin and tools to the Phoenicians for purple dye, wood and furniture

  16. Political Ties • Developed ties with Babylonian Empire in Mesopotamia • Mittani in Syria • Hittite Empire in Anatolia

  17. Expanding the Empire • When Hatshepsut died, Thutmose III became pharaoh • Thutmose was a strong leader and general • Expanded Egypt north to the Euphrates River • Conquered Nubia • Empire was wealthy • Captured and enslaved many prisoners of war

  18. Two Unusual Pharaohs • Amenhotep IV tried to make dramatic changes • Tutankhamen, was very young

  19. A Religious Founder • Amenhotep IV and wife, Nefertiti tried to change Egypt’s religion • Feared priests were becoming too powerful • Felt threatened by their power • Started a new religion • Worship one god, Aton, the sun god • Religion was rejected by most • Weakened Egypt • Lost most of land to invaders

  20. Who was “King Tut”? • King Tutankhamen • Became pharaoh at 10 years old • Restored polytheistic religion of many deities • Died unexpectedly History Teachers King Tut http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cAQyFO_fPmM

  21. King Tut’s Tomb • Tomb discovered in 1922 • By Howard Carter • Contained the pharaoh’s mummy and many treasures including a gold mask

  22. Recovery and Decline • Ramses II • Most successful of pharaohs • Also called Ramses the Great • Conquered Canaan • Fought the Hittites • Ramses and the Hittite King signed a peace treaty

  23. Age of Temples • Ramses reigned 66 years • devoted himself to peaceful activities • Built the temple of Karnak

  24. Why Did Egypt Decline? • Pharaohs fought costly wars • Armies from eastern Mediterranean attacked Egypt • Libyans conquered Egypt • People of Kush seized power • In 670 B.C. taken over by the Assyrians • From Messopotamia

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