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International Harmonized Research Activities for Intelligent Transport Systems

This article discusses the research activities and objectives of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), including positioning and tracking, digital maps, communication links, and traffic management. It also explores the levels of automation in transportation, vehicle-based driver assistance systems, and the safety impact of ITS. The government's role in promoting safety and international harmonized research activities in ESV is also highlighted.

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International Harmonized Research Activities for Intelligent Transport Systems

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  1. International Harmonized Research Activities:Intelligent Transport Systems Y. Ian Noy, Ph.D., P.Eng., CPE Ergonomics Division Road Safety and Motor Vehicle Regulation Directorate Transport Canada 330 Sparks St.., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0N5 Tel: (613) 998-2268 Fax: (613) 998-4831 NOYI@tc.gc.ca TransportCanada

  2. Positioning & tracking Digital maps Communication links Microprocessors Image processors Information databases Traffic management Traffic monitoring Smart cards Automated aids Intelligent Transport Systems Transportation objectives • Reduce congestion • Improve safety • Increase efficiency • Improve comfort • Improve transit services • Reduce fuel consumption • Reduce emissions

  3. Levels of Automation • Information • Warning • Driver assistance (active pedal) • Partial control of vehicle functions (steering, stop&go) • Complete control of vehicle (AHS)

  4. Rationalizing Automation • Each level has unique safety issues • Each level must coexist with other levels • Progression from one level to next is not incremental– it represents a radical change

  5. Vehicle-based Driver Assistance and Crash Avoidance Systems • Vision enhancement & visual range warning • Intelligent speed adaptation • Adaptive cruise control • Collision warning (e.g., lane departure, rear-end, lane change, intersection) • Fatigue/impairment warning • Pavement monitoring and friction warning • Vehicle Stability Warning and Assistance • Emergency reporting and response • Backing and merging aids

  6. ITS: Safety Impact Framework Positive Negative Direct + - Indirect + -

  7. Positive Negative Direct + - Indirect + - Direct Safety Benefits • Reduction of crash risk through • on-board CA systems • road-side CA systems • tolerance for driver/system errors • Mitigation of crash consequences through improved emergency response

  8. Positive Negative Direct + - Indirect + - Indirect Safety Benefits • Reduced exposure (optimized routes and trip lengths, and greater choice of mode) • Reduced exposure to unauthorized use (elicense) • Reduced traffic variance and conflicts (through better traffic management and improved interaction between driver and other road users) • Reduced driver stress and fatigue

  9. Positive Negative Direct + - Indirect + - Direct Safety Risks • Driver distraction • Driver overload • Driver confusion • Reduced situation awareness • Lack of trust/acceptance due to false or nuisance alarms • Increased discomfort, stress • Command effect

  10. Positive Negative Direct + - Indirect + - Indirect Safety Risks • Behavioural adaptation • Increased travel (pleasurable) • Loss of skill & negative transfer • Violation of expectation (by non-users) • Collision migration (MV to SV, to other users, etc.)

  11. + Driving Task ITS Collisions - ITS Safety, or IS IT? • ITS technology is safety neutral - Its implementation is safety critical • Safety impact depends largely on the extent to which the system supports users’ needs, and is compatible with human capabilities and limitations

  12. Government’s Role • Discourage technologies/implementations that are likely to have an adverse effect on safety • Encourage implementation of technologies that are likely to have safety benefits

  13. the Netherlands Poland Sweden U.K. U.S.A. EC EESV Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV):International Harmonized Research Activities • Australia • Canada • France • Germany • Hungary • Italy • Japan

  14. ESV: IHRA Working Groups • Intelligent Transport Systems • Advanced Offset Frontal Crash Protection • Pedestrian Safety • Biomechanics • Vehicle Compatibility • Side Impact

  15. IHRA-ITS : Objectives • to coordinate international policy-oriented research to minimize the potential adverse consequences of on-board ITS technologies. • to develop procedures for the evaluation of safety of in-vehicle information, control and communication systems. • to provide an international view of the state of research into understanding the safety impact of driver workload and distraction.

  16. Aspects of System Safety • System Reliability • Reliability of hardware and software, the propensity for malfunction and the potential to go into a dangerous and/or unanticipated safety mode. • Human Machine Interaction (HMI) • Key issues are function allocation, the design of interface, definition of dialogue between the user and the system. • Overall Traffic System • The aggregate effect on the traffic system as a whole.

  17. Scope • includes original and aftermarket on-board information, control and communication systems, including • telematics • driver assistance systems, and • collision warning and avoidance systems

  18. Summary of Activities • Conceptual Framework • Workshops • Survey of current research • Priority Projects For further information visit http://199.79.179.92/ITS/ITS.html

  19. Priority Projects • Development of a harmonized safety evaluation methodology framework • Driver understanding and expectation of ITS systems • Human factors principles checklist • Normative data on naturalistic driving behavior • Simulator reference test scenarios • Improved secondary task methodology for evaluating safety effects of driver workload • Harmonization and validation of surrogate safety measures

  20. Importance of ITS Safety Research • Expands ESV’s role into crash avoidance • Elaborates the role of governments with respect to ITS safety • ITS safety is currently unregulated; therefore, there is a reasonable prospect for harmonized policies based on shared scientific understanding of the issues

  21. Key Challenges for Government • Traditional policy paradigms not suitable: • Design cycle shorter than policy cycle • Technology is diversifying rapidly • Science lags technology • Integration by consumer, not industry • Jurisdictional boundaries no longer valid

  22. IHRA-WP.29 Liaison • IHRA research focus • Summarize state of knowledge • Coordinate joint research • Develop test procedures • WP.29 to identify regulatory needs and priorities. IHRA to coordinate the regulatory development research to support WP.29 work program

  23. Recommendations vis WP.29 • coordinate with WP.1 and WP.15 on ITS-related matters (ISA) • Develop strategy for global regulation development for on-board ITS • ST – coordinate among existing GR’s, lead? • LT – create new GR • utilize IHRA-ITS WG as Informal Group for ITS-related matters

  24. Possible Short Term Plan • GRRF – Collision avoidance, driver assistance (ACC, ESP), ISA • GRE/GRRF?– Reliability (Annex 18) • GRE/GRSG? – Collision and drowsiness warning, vision enhancement, maneuvering aids • GRSG – Telematics, navigation • GRSP – Collision mitigation?

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